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The concept of Wilāyat, recognized as one of the foundational principles in Islamic thought, has consistently garnered the attention of researchers. In this context, revisiting the perspectives of Sayyid Qutb and Ayatullah Khamenei on wilāyah, as two contemporary thinkers, holds particular significance.     This study employs a qualitative content analysis method with an inductive approach to identify overarching and basic themes, subsequently elaborating on the details within each overarching theme. The findings reveal that in Ayatullah Khamenei’s thought, the concept of wilāyah revolves around “wilāyat al-faqīh” (guardianship of the Islamic Jurist), emphasizing the establishment of unity and cohesion within the Islamic Ummah, the formation of an Islamic government, and the struggle against global arrogance. Conversely, Sayyid Qutb perceives wilāyah as a means to achieve Muslim unity and confront modern ignorance, though he does not propose a specific operational framework for its realization. Moreover, differences in their approaches to issues such as jihad, Islamic sovereignty, and interactions with non-Muslims highlight Ayatullah Khamenei’s more structured perspective in contrast to Sayyid Qutb’s broader, more general viewpoint. This research underscores the importance of a comparative understanding of these two perspectives to enhance comprehension of contemporary Islamic movements.

Budget Acts are ordinary law and therefore should include items that are consistent with their title. Based on this feature, which is rooted in the principle of specialization of ordinary laws, only public revenues and expenditures should be included in budget acts. However, in some countries, such as Iran, the government and sometimes the legislature adde items to the bill that have nothing to do with budget or budgeting. Lack of knowledge of the scope of budget acts, the tendency of the government and parliament to legislate away from the control of the media and citizens, and the lack of a constitutional jurisdiction have been the three reasons for the emergence and spread of such a practice in the history of legislation. The emergence of the Guardian Council, with the approval of the 1979 constitution, provided the basis for better budget legislation. However, the findings of this study show that this institution, contrary to its model, the French Constitutional Council, could not eliminate the first two shortcomings because it could not extract, from the current budgeting laws, effective measures to identify the required, optional and prohibited scopes of budget acts.

One of the challenges of conjugal relations is to ask for an uncommon kind of sexual relationships to which one’s partner does not consent. These relationships may violate one’s rights. So the main question is, can we find a good moral reason to justify them or is it morally unjustified to ask for them? Explaining some important cases of the uncommon sexual relationships and using the descriptive-analytic method, this paper seeks to show that there are rational and traditional conclusive reasons to think these relationships are immoral. The majority of them usually involve some of the following constituents: discontentment, annoyance, injustice, compulsion, harm, contempt, a destruction of dignity, a violation of right, association in a dishonorable manner, and so forth. Thus, one should regard these as immoral acts which demarcate sexual relationships so that people’s rights would be preserved and immoral actions would be avoided. As a result of such a conception, the needs of each side will be met in an appropriate way.

Segmentation of International Markets of Saffron with Using Hierarchical Clustering TechniqueThe purpose of this study is segment of saffron product in different countries of the world on basis macro indicators selected in four demographic, economic, commercial and communication domains. research is a descriptive-correlational one and based on library studies. Selected communities include all UN member states and sample countries with populations above 500,000 or per capita income above $ 10,000 per year plus Getting into a strategic area constitutes a total of 143 countries used in the analysis. Hierarchical clustering method was used for data analysis by SPSS 25 software. The results show that there are eight clusters, with the highest number being in the second cluster with 100 countries and the lowest in the United States alone. Also, based on demographic results, the fifth, eighth and fourth clusters, which include China, India, the US, Brazil, Indonesia, Nigeria and Pakistan, can be attractive clusters in targeting saffron stakeholders in market.

For a long time, there has been a debate among experts and thinkers about whether or not a branch of science should have a subject. Legal theorists (Uṣūlī), like logicians and philosophers, have expressed their thoughts in this field. The late Ᾱkhund al-Khurasānī is one of the great scholars of science who has given his opinion taking the issue of having any scientific discipline as an evident and indisputable matter. According to what has been attributed to him, he has used the "Axiom of the One Effect" (qāʿida al-wāḥid maʿlūlī) as a proof of his claim. An examination of other experts' opinions also points to the two reasons, namely "the distinction of sciences" and "division of sciences into real and mentallyposited" (iʿtibārī) along with the "Axiom of the One Effect" as the evidence for the necessity of each science having a subject. The late Ᾱkhund al-Khurasānī not only maintains that every science should have a subject but he also says that the subject should be single and allencompassing. All three reasons can be criticized. According to the author, subject refers to a certain matter and it does not mean that subject should be single and encompassing. In other words, it is not necessary that the subject-matters of the issues be essentially united with each other or that they should form a single entity. It is enough to have a form of relationship. In other words, there need to be an abstract common axis with which the issues are related.

One of the most important ways to compensate for employee service in public and private companies is to apply a promotion policy from within and appoint people to higher positions and jobs in the organizational hierarchy. Some individual traits such as psychological Entitlement and the ability to communicate with powerful stakeholders have a significant impact on employee development. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of psychological Entitlement on the employee Promotability of the Leasing Industry and Mining Company with the mediating role of political networking. The present research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive correlation in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study was 148 employees of the Leasing Industry and Mining Company, and based on random sampling, 107 of them were selected as the sample. SPSS and Smart-PLS software were used to analyze the data. The results of data analysis show that psychological Entitlement, both directly and indirectly, through the mediation of political networking has a significant effect on employee promotability. The results of research in the field of psychological Entitlement and political networking have brought innovations and help managers of companies and organizations in understanding the effectiveness of psychological Entitlement on employee promotion through the mediation of political networking.

The spread of Covid-19 and the measures taken by governments to prevent the spread of the disease have greatly reduced trade in many areas of the economy, including tourism, automotive, aviation, sports, and more. The short-term consequence of this event will be a decrease in corporate income and the long-term consequence will be that many medium or large companies are on the verge of bankruptcy. To prevent such a situation, and especially from stagnating economies, countries can help firms emerge from the crisis by providing direct or indirect financial assistance.In order for such aids not to have an anti-competitive effect on the market itself, competition law systems establish special rules for the forecasting and implementation of State aids. In this article, we will examine the existing mechanisms in EU competition law and the role of European and national institutions in the forecasting, implementation and control of State aids. The system under study has been able to reconcile the principle of free competition in the common market with the need for government intervention in helping firms at risk, due to the anticipation of the principle of prohibition of government aid and various strategies for providing government aid in exceptional circumstances. Such a mechanism has not yet been properly enacted in Iran, and State aids without prior supervision could lead to inequality between public and private enterprises and the shrinking of the private sector.

Ᾱref Qazvini›s poems, tasnifs, notes, and letters have had many readers since Constitutional Era; however, during his life time, and especially after his death, his published works were disorganized, misrepresented, distorted, and even lacked some parts. This was mostly done intentionally due to several reasons such as removing his caustic comments, censoring his attacks on two branches of religious and political tyranny as well as on his contemporary fellows, his publishers› ideological differences, and sometimes the inability to read his manuscripts which has made his writings so distorted and meaningless. In recent years, two collections of Ᾱref›s correspondences with his friends titled Ᾱref-e Qazvini›s Letters (Negāh Publication, 1391; and Hermes publication, 1396). A thorough examination of the texts of these books and comparing them with Ᾱref›s manuscripts or the original sources has revealed many errors in these publications, the deliberate and ideological elimination of some parts of his letters by Negāh publication, and the significant errors made by Hermes Publication in Ᾱref›s new-found letters.

This study investigated the effects of a manualized Contextual Intervention adapted for Autism Spectrum Disorders (CI-ASD), and essential elements of the intervention in promoting children’s participation and mothers’ parenting self-efficacy. Researchers conducted a randomized controlled trial. Participants (36 parents of children with ASD) were randomly assigned to wait-list control or intervention groups. The intervention comprised contextually reflective occupational therapy combines 3 elements: sensory processing patterns, coaching, and social support. We provided the program to promote child’s participation and parent’s efficiency.  During phases 1 the participants in the intervention group received CI-ASD as long as Treatment As Usual (TAU) and during phase 2 they received TAU only. We completed the outcome measures at three time points (pre-intervention, post-intervention and follow-up). Researchers conducted semi-structured interviews post-intervention to explore acceptability of intervention and participants’ experiences of CI-ASD. The findings of the study indicate that CI-ASD can produce meaningful effects in eliminating sensory issues, promoting child participation and parenting efficiency in ASD families, compared to TAU. Parents reported high levels of acceptance and also confirmed the family’s achievements. These gains suggest CI-ASD as an effective intervention for children who have ASD and their families, but further studies are needed to declare and generalize the findings over time. Estimated effect sizes were in the large and medium ranges and favored the intervention group.

Patient plays a major role in treatment and control of diabetes. Therefore, his/her knowledge about various fields such as diet is very important. This research is conducted aiming at investigating the efficiency of Health Belief Model (HBM) for educating the patients with Type 2 Diabetes how to go on a diet. The current research is a quasi-experimental study. The studied population consists of 100 patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Tiran and Karvan counties and were randomly divided into two intervention (n=50) and control (n=50) groups. Data was collected through face to face interviews with patients using a researcher-made questionnaire with approved validity and reliability before and one month after the education. Furthermore, the collected data was analyzed by SPSS 19 and Chi-square test, Mann- Whitney, Paired t-test and independent T- test. After the intervention, a significant difference was seen between experimental and control groups in terms of scores of awareness, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy and eating behavior (P<0.05). The mean of blood glucose in experimental group was significantly lower after educational intervention compared to pre-intervention (P<0.05). According to the present study, health belief model is efficient in educating the eating behaviors of diabetic patients

The use of lasers is being considered as a modern method for forming process in recent years. This method has been used in various industries, such as aerospace, marine and oil industry. Extensive research has been done in the field of modeling and optimization of direct paths parameters with process of laser forming. Although forming in circular paths can be used for producing complex parts, due to some technical reasons, it is considered less. The main purpose of this paper is to detect the proper estimation model and obtain optimal variables conditions for complete circular paths in perforated circular parts by means of genetic algorithms. In this process the outer edges are fixed and the inner edges are being formed by laser. At first, the finite element simulation model is studied then the estimation model has been discussed, after that multi-objective functions have been examined with the least error and energy. Furthermore, the optimization results of the internal hole diameters are reported and analyzed in terms of Pareto charts. In conclusion, optimum forming conditions have been reported in terms of accuracy and energy for different diameters of holes. This study shows with acceptable increasing in the error rate, the required energy could be reduced. Also, increasing in the diameter of inside hole cause to increase energy and decrease of accuracy.

In recent years, patient safety has become one of the greatest concerns of organizations and health care providers. Nurses play a key role in providing safe and high quality cares in all units of the hospital, both general and Intensive Care Units. Since nurses are directly supervised by the head nurses, This study aimed to compare the performance of nurses from the viewpoint of nurses in providing safe care to patients in the Intensive care and general units of Aja hospitals in 2018. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which nurses’ performance in general and special wards was assessed using the Assessment of Safe Nursing Care Questionnaire (ASNC) with 32 questions and four dimensions of mental, physical, nursing skills and teamwork. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19. The significance level was less than 0.05. The results have shown no significant difference between the safe performance of nurses in special and general wards. Also, there was no significant relationship between the type of hospital wards, sex, employment status, work shift, participation in the workshop and safe operation of nurses (P>0.05). There was a significant relationship between the type of wards and the nurse’s performance in terms of physical and nursing skills (P<0.05); however, there was no significant relationship between the type of department and the nurse’s performance in the mental health and nursing teamwork dimension (P>0.05). Discussion and Since nurses’ caring performance in ICUs is not so perfect, it is suggested that more planning be done for the improvements.

Jame› ol-Hikāyāt, by Nasrollāh bin Shahrollāh Teromezi, includes 200 anecdotes regarding the righteous, and is one of the unique manuscripts in the Library of Iran Parliament. Being selected and corrected by Alireza Zakāvati Qarāgozloo, the book was published by Haqiqat Publication in 1396. In the present paper, the author, first of all, makes a list of the  chapters of the book, and talks about some of the anecdotes of this book. Then, he mentions some of the mistakes found in the book along with their number of the pages.

Models of God: Theology for an Ecological Nuclear Age was written by Sallie Mac Fague in 1987. What the book mainly claims is that the patterns, and consequently the concepts and the language which have been common in the Christian tradition about God and his relationship with the universe not only are not suitable anymore and have lost their function, but also are harmful for the present time since they are proposing a pattern which is based on a hierarchical, and dualistic worldview. Therefore, Mac Fague has tried to convey a new conception of God whose attributes and acts are different from the pattern of the traditional God, and more in line with the contemporary era. The following article is going to depict the content of the book and Mac Fague›s ideas.

The analysis of the foreign policy is one of the most important research field in political sciences and international relations which is concerned with the behaviors and foreign orientations of states – as the most fundamental outcome of the foreign policy of each nation. In the
Islamic Republic of Iran, the role of Leadership in foreign policy is significantly important. This article seeks to reinterpret the ‘Great Holy War’ as one essential strategy in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, as put by the Grand Leader Ayatollah Khamenei.
This is a discourse which has been of less importance in discussions raised so far. The main question in this research work is ‘why the Great Holy War was put forward in the realm of foreign policy and how it functions in the foreign policy as an entity. Our thesis has been
formulated as the one that considers the Great Holy War as a strategy of Islamic Republic’s foreign policy. It is characterized firstly to be of discourse nature that guards against those discourse of influence and secondly to function as something that gives identity to the foreign
policy of the Islamic Republic at the international level. The theoretical framework and approach taken to conduct the research is one of constructivist type along with emphasis on the identity aspect of the thesis in question.

The local scour around the piers is an important factor that causes of the destruction of the bridges. Therefore, to avoid this phenomenon there is scientific solutions to protect the pier against scour. some of the most effective techniques you can use ,are using the collars or threading or slots on the pier. Therefore using the slots is not practical or not suitable to consider as permanent solution and threading is not so effective method so there is an idea to compose threading and slots with collars together in this experimental work that can make slots and threading so more practical and useful in pier scour reduction . there have been created some new tools which name jet-collar , slot-veneer and thread-veneer. at the best condition results shows that some of the collars which have a jagged side as a jet and a collar at other side , so this jet-collar could reduce local scour by 83% at pier side.

Probable maximum precipitation (PMP), is the highest rainfall, which occurs at a given time in a basin. Hydrologist calculates the probable maximum flood for the design of overflow dams, by using the PMP, with two statistical and synoptic. The purpose of this study is calculating PMP in the Ghomrood basin by using the synoptic method. For this purpose rain, meteorological data of the Iran’s Meteorological Organization were used. Also, the data on the 850 and 500 hPa levels were analyzed by the National Center for Environmental Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR). In the following, the required synoptic maps produced and were studied. Iso rain maps were drawn, and depth-area-duration curves were determined. Eventually, PMP was estimated at 24, 48 and 72 hours. So that 24 hours PMP, by calculating 50 and 100 years return period of dew point estimated 51/75 and 54 mm respectively. Also for 48 hours PMP 128/25 and 132/05 mm, and for 72 hours PMP 97/9 and 101/75 estimated.

In addition to common stock, the most important source of financing public and private companies, preferred stocks are other important securities. What differ between these two stocks are the privileges and features of preferred stock that common stocks don’t have. Nowadays, such a share is an appropriate tool for investing in emerging or emerging companies as well as companies facing a financial crisis, and investors will not be willing to invest in them in the normal way without obtaining specific rates. Nowadays, such a share is an appropriate tool for investing in emerging or emerging companies as well as companies facing a financial crisis, and investors will not be willing to invest in them in the normal way without obtaining specific rates. While these benefits are wide and varied, Iranian legislator, just in clause 2 Article 24 commercial code bill, define this type of stock but don’t speak about the privileges and practice of them in details. In this descriptive and analytical study, the authors have attempted to study the nature and typology of preferred stock in pioneer countries and then, suggest strategies in order to improve the legislation or jurisprudence in this field.

The optimum sowing date and genotypes adapted to climatic conditions of target regions play significant role in achieving the maximum crop yield. To investigate the interaction of soybean genotypes to sowing date, a field experiment as split ararngements in radomized complete block design with three replications was carried out in Safiabad Agricultural Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Dezful, Iran for two successive seasons (2014-15). Main plots consisted five levels of sowing date (21st June, 5th July, 20th July, 3rd August and 17th August) and subplots included; 7 genotypes (2001, 2002, Persing × Epps, Saman, Migmat, SG20 and Salend). Results showed that the highest number of pods per plant (66) belonged to cv. Salend in second sowing date (5th July) and the lowest (17.7) belonged to genotype 2001 in sowing date 17th August. Results showed that sowing date had significant effect on plant height, and delaying in sowing date led to decrease of plant height in all genotypes and increased growth duration. The results of combined analysis of variance showed that effect of sowing date was significant on seed yield. The highest (3479 kg.ha-1) and the lowest (1698 kg.ha-1) seed yield belonged to sowing dates of 21st July and 18th August, respectively. Average of two years revealed that Salend and SG20 had higheer seed yield. Migmat had the highest seed protein content in all sowing dates. The highest oil content (25.9%) obtained in the second sowing date and genotype 2001. The lowest oil content (21.6%) belonged to cv. Saman in the last sowing date (17th August). Considering the results of this experiment and crop rotation in the region, soybean genotypes (group VI-VII) and sowing date in late of July can be recommended for North Khuzestan conditions.

Direct oral anticoagulants have suggested a favorable profile compared with vitamin K antagonists. However, the lack of treatment to reverse the effect of direct oral anticoagulants has limited its use in some patients who require rapid reversal of anticoagulation, as those included in the transplant waiting list. Idarucizumab is a recently approved drug to reverse the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran. However, the clinical experience when using this drug is scarce. Herein, we present a clinical case on anticoagulation reversal with idarucizumab to perform heart and lung transplantation in a patient with Eisenmenger syndrome.

Mycoplasma Synoviae is a major poultry pathogen which causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry. The aim of study was detection Mycoplasma synoviae infections in vaccinated broiler breeder flocks and their progeny. For this purpose, from 20 broiler breeder farms and their progeny 2 times in 40 and 60 weeks of age 20 tracheal swab and 20 blood samples from each broiler farm were collected. All 20 broiler breeder farms before vaccination against Myc.oplasma Synoviae were confirmed free from Mycoplasma synoviae infections. Tracheal swab transfered to cap tubes containing PPLO broth media and kept at 4°C less than 24 hrs send to laboratory for further proceeding. Antibody against Mycoplasma Synoviae was measured by rapid serum agglutination (RSA) and Elias tests. Tracheal swabs were examined by high resolution melting PCR(HRM PCR) for detection Mycoplasma Synoviae field isolate.. The results showed that vaccination broiler farm against Mycoplasma Synoviae upto 40 weeks could protect all broiler breeder farms from Mycoplasma Synoviae field infection and produce good antibody titers. With increasing age and at age 60 weeks one farms and its progeny was positive for Mycoplasma Synoviae which was differ from Mycoplasma Synoviae included in live vaccine. This study showed vaccination by present vaccine against Mycoplasma Synoviae in broiler breeder farms could not protect older broiler breeder farms in older ages and probably Mycoplasma Synoviae infection transferred to progeny. Therefore vaccinated farms should be monitor by molecular methods.

The contrastive analysis of languages is one the most important for recognizing the coherent templates to train vocabularies, grammar, semantics and pragmatics in different levels. In this regard, the present study investigates the contrastive analysis of Persian and Arabic based on sentence. The authors try to study syntax (sentence) of Persian and Arabic from the views of semantics by descriptive-analytical and contrastive approach. For realizing to syntactical contrastive, a criterion common to both Persian and Arabic was presented studying syntactical issues in three areas including phrases, clauses and sentences. The mentioned criterion is based on semantic. In this way, the changes that were made for transferring the meaning between the two languages were explained to help translators and language learners.

Continuous scientific advances along with patients' changing status requires that nurses to be able to diagnose the patients' problems combining their technical skills and professional knowledge and to design, implement and evaluate care programs based on scientific evidence to solve these problems. So the purpose of this paper is to introduce evidence-based nursing as a method for providing high quality care.

This paper is a review article. The data collection was conducted within 2000 and 2017 and developed using library resources and searching in reference books and internet sites SID - Magiran- Google scholar, PubMed and Sciences Direct with the keywords nursing, care and evidences-based.

Nurses are the largest group of health care providers and play an important role in the continuity of care and maintaining and promotion of health in health care system at different levels. In recent years, the use of evidence-based care in nursing has been increased. And evidence-based nursing has been raised as a way for treatment and health cares based on the newest findings and evidence. In this paper, the definition of evidence-based nursing, the importance of using evidence in practice, stages of implementation of evidence-based nursing and barriers to its implementation are presented.

 Discussion and Conclusion:

The nurses who have established their actions based on scientific evidences and documents, have made better decisions and provided care with higher quality. It has also decreased the hospitalization time and patients costs and has brought a better cost-effectiveness for patients and the organization.

A great deal of researches has been devoted to the understanding of factors contributing to burnout and the negative effects of burnout in the cost and the quality of the provided healthcare. The aim of this study is the role of four key factors motivation, leadership, empowerment and confidence to reduce burnout among nurses.

This paper is a review article that based on collecting data from library resources and databases (PubMed, Science Direct, SID, Google Scholar) with the literature review from  2000 to 2017 with keywords (burnout, motivation, leadership, empowerment, confidence, mental health) has been developed.

Job burnout is a reaction to chronic occupational stresses that’s described by terms of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. The main dimension of job burnout is emotional exhaustion. Leadership, motivation, empowerment and confidence are four important factors that can providing roles against burnout and promoting the mental health status of the personnel.
Discussion and

In difficult and stressful working conditions the work environment should be changed in order to reduce burnout levels successfully. Indeed, recent studies have highlighted the role of human resources management in burnout. It has been widely recognized that human resource management policies should be at the core of any sustainable solution that aims to increase health care systems performance and efficient.