zahra mohammadzadeh

Preschool children's hostility in comparison to family-centered play therapy and parent-centered meta-emotional training. The control group underwent a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up as part of the semi-experimental design. The statistical population consisted of 45 preschool children from Tehran in 2021-2022, who were selected through targeted sampling. The parents of the first and second experimental groups were treated with parent-centered meta-emotional training and family-centered play therapy, respectively. The research tool was aggression questionnaire of preschool children (APC). The data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software for repeated measure analysis of variance. In the post-test and follow-up phase, both parent-centered meta-emotional training and family-centered play therapy significantly reduced the aggression of children (P>0.001) However, there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of the two groups (P<0.05). In parent-centered meta-emotional training, the child’s capacity to express his emotions was enhanced, thereby reducing the likelihood of aggressive behavior. This was achieved by assisting parents in emphasizing the child's emotions and feelings and adopting a receptive perspective toward them. In the family-centered approach, the child’s more adaptive behaviors were significantly altered, and the family’s understanding of how to interact with the child was further enhanced through the use of the game. This allowed the child to express his desires without being compelled to demonstrate aggression. No funding has been allocated to this investigation.

Hydrolyzed collagen is a form of collagen broken down into smaller peptide chains. In this study, the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of hydrolyzed collagen derived from fish skin and chicken feet were investigated. Collagen was extracted using an acidic method, and its quality was assessed through FTIR, biuret, ash content, and Kjeldahl tests. Antibacterial effects on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were evaluated using the disc diffusion method, while antioxidant activity was assessed via the DPPH assay. The results revealed that the extraction efficiency of collagen was 2.5% for fish skin and 2.1% for chicken feet. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of amide bands A, I, II, and III, while the biuret test validated the presence of proteins in the collagen. Antioxidant activity increased with higher collagen concentrations: at 100 ppm, 31% of DPPH radicals were inhibited, and at 500 ppm, the inhibition reached 58%. Additionally, hydrolyzed collagen at a concentration of 50 mg/mL exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These findings suggest that hydrolyzed collagen possesses notable antioxidant and antibacterial properties and may have potential anti-cancer effects.

Studying the effects of Azospirillum and nanoparticles (silicon and zinc) on grain yield and some traits of Triticale under salinity stress was conducted as a factorial experiment with randomized complete block design and three replications at the research greenhouse of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2022.

The experimental factors included salinity levels (no salinity as control, salinity of 60 and 120 mM by NaCl), application of Azospirillum (no inoculation as control and seed inoculation with Azospirillum), nanoparticles foliar application (foliar application with water as control, foliar spraying 0.8 g.L-1 nano zinc oxide, 50 mg.L-1 nano silicon, combined foliar application of nano zinc oxide as 0.4 g.L-1 and nano silicon as 25 g.L-1).

The application of Azospirillum and nanoparticles in 120mM salinity increased proline content (37.46 percent), hydrogen peroxide (41.66 percent), malondialdehyde (37.57 percent) and the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes (53.86 and 47 percent, respectively) compared with non-saline conditions and lack of Azospirillum and nanoparticles application. Application of Azospirillum and nanoparticles increased the content of soluble sugar (18.68 percent) and catalase enzyme activity (28 percent) as compared with treatments that did not receive Azospirillum application and foliar spraying. Not applying Azospirillum and nanoparticles under 120 mM salinity increased dry matter remobilization from aerial organs (54.25 percent) and the contribution of dry matter remobilization from aerial organs (126.14 percent) compared with the application of Azospirillum and nanoparticles under non-saline conditions.

It seems that applying Azospirillum and nanoparticle foliar application can increase grain yield of triticale under salinity stress due to improved biochemical traits.

Drought is one of the most important factors limiting crop production. ‎Several methods have been proposed to increase the resistance of crops against water limitation. In this ‎regard, the use of vermicompost and silicon can improve the performance of crop plants under stress ‎conditions. Considering the above fact, thr present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of ‎nanosilicon and vermicompost application on grain yield and the trend of changes some physiological ‎traits (i.e, chlorophyll index, nitrogen index, relative water content, leaf electrical conductivity and ‎stomatal conductivity) of rye in different irrigation regimes.‎ a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three ‎replications was conducted under the research greenhouse conditions in 2023. Treatments were various ‎irrigation regimes (normal irrigation as control, irrigation withholding at 50% of booting and heading ‎stages as severe and moderate water limitation, respectively), application of nanosilicon and ‎vermicompost at four levels (no application as control, application of nanosilicon, vermicompost, both ‎application vermicompost and nanosilicon). Vermicompost was prepared from Gilda corporation and ‎silicon from Pishgaman Nanomaterials Company. Nano silicon was with the average of particle size of ‎less than 30 nm. Foliar application of Si was done in stages of tillering and stem elongation (BBCH 21 ‎and 30, respectively).‎‏ ‏Two weeks after irrigation withholding in booting stage, some biochemical and ‎physiological traits were measured on the flag leaf. The trend of changes some traits such as chlorophyll ‎index, nitrogen index, relative water content, leaf electrical conductivity and stomatal conductivity were ‎measured at time intervals every four days from 135 to 150 days after planting.‎‏ ‏Analysis of variance was ‎done by software package SAS v9.12. The main effects and interactions were compared by LSD test at the ‎‎0.05 the probability level, using the SAS version 9.1. ‎ study of the trend of changes some physiological traits showed that in 151 days after plantingunder irrigation withholding at of booting conditions, application of vermicompost and nano silicon ‎increased chlorophyll index (47.9%), nitrogen index (47.6%), relative content of flag leaf (30.2 %), ‎stomatal conductance (12.8%), root weight and volume (22.3 and 28.3%, respectively), plant height ‎‎(32.5%), spike length (32.2%), the number of grains per spike (40.2 %) and grain yield (7.3%) as ‎compared to no application of nano silicon and vermicompost at the same level from irrigation levels. ‎Also, under irrigation withholding at of booting stage conditions, no application of nano silicon and ‎vermicompost increased electrical conductivity (13.8%), hydrogen peroxide content (26.7%) and ‎malondialdehyde (9.8%) as compared to application of nano silicon and vermicompost at the same level ‎from irrigation levels.‎ Therefore, with considering of the results of this study, it can be stated that, applying ‎nano silicon and vermicompost were able to compensate part of the yield reduction caused by water ‎limitation by improving some physiological traits of rye.‎

Today, the rapid growth and increasing use of social networks has made it possible for sellers, retailers and buyers to communicate more effectively in the online retail environment. In this research, investigating the antecedents and consequences of brand love; From the online consumer's brand engagement to the intention of creating brand value (the case of the study of the Afogh Korosh brand) in the year 1401. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of execution method. The statistical population of the research is all customers of Afogh Korosh stores, whose number is unlimited and unknown, and the statistical sample was calculated using Morgan's table of 384 people in PLS software, with the method of structural equations and confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that online consumer brand engagement had a significant effect on brand love and willingness to pay a higher price, as well as on the intention to create brand value. Also, brand trust has an effect on brand love and the intention to create brand value, but it did not affect the willingness to pay a higher price. Online consumer brand identity had an effect on brand love and willingness to pay a higher price, but it did not have a significant effect on the intention to create brand value. Finally, love for the brand had a significant effect on the intention to create brand value and willingness to pay a higher price.

The purpose of this study is to comparison the effect of dental treatments under general anesthesia and outpatient on the level of fear and anxiety and quality of life related to oral health of children.

Methods & Materials: 

In this cross sectional study two groups of 3 to 6 years old children are selected, one group need dental treatment with general anesthesia and the other group need outpatient treatment in the office. Questionnaires for assessing the child's fear and anxiety level (DS-CFSS) and evaluating the quality of life related to the child's mouth (F-ECOHIS) are provided to the parents before the treatment and 1 month after the treatment. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version17) using Mann whitney, T-Test , Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks.The level of significancy was 0.05.

Anxiety before the treatment and also after the end of the treatment was significantly higher in the general anesthesia group than in the outpatient treatment group (p<0.001 and p<0.001). Children's anxiety score has decreased significantly in the outpatient treatment method (p=0.007) and in the treatment method under general anesthesia decreased significantly (p<0.001). The quality of life of children in the outpatient treatment group was significantly higher than the general anesthesia group before the study (p=0.008). There is no significant difference in the quality of life after the treatment between children in the outpatient treatment group and general anesthesia. (p=0.614).

Both methods, outpatient treatment and treatment under general anesthesia are highly effective and have a positive effect on the quality of life related to children's oral health and are able to reduce their anxiety. The treatment under general anesthesia was more successful in reducing anxiety of children comparison to base line ,but in related to the quality of life there was no significant difference.

Salinity is one of the most important environmental stresses that reduce the ‎growth and yield of crop plants. Application of biofertilizers increases yield and the resistance of plants ‎against various environmental stresses, such as salinity. Also, zinc plays an important role in protein ‎metabolism, photosynthetic activity and some physiological traits crop plants. Zinc deficiency is ‎recognized as a critical problem in‏ ‏plants, especially grown on saline conditions with high pH values. But, ‎recent researches have shown that a small amount of nutrients, particularly Zn applied by foliar spraying ‎can affect ability of plants to salinity stress. Silicon is also a complementary micronutrient for biological ‎systems and has an important physiological role in increasing resistance of plants against various ‎environmental stresses. The aim of this research was to investigate Azosperlium and nanoparticles (zinc ‎and silicon) effects on yield and some physiological traits of triticale under salinity stress.‎ This experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete ‎design with three replications in greenhouse research of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, ‎University of Mohaghegh Ardabili during 2022. Factors experimental were included salinity stress at three ‎levels (no application of salinity as control, application of 60, 120 mM salinity) by NaCl, application of ‎plant growth promoting rhizobacteria at two levels (no seed inoculation as control and seed inoculation ‎with Azospirillium) and foliar application of nanoparticles at four levels (foliar application with water as ‎control, foliar application of 0.8 g.L-1 nano Zn oxide, foliar application 50 mg.L-1 nano silicon, combined ‎foliar application of 0.4 g.L-1 of nano zn oxide and 25 mg.L-1 of nano silicon). ‎ The results showed that application of Azospirlium and foliar application of nano zn-silicon ‎oxide under no salinity condition increased chlorophyll index (49.24%), relative water content (59.82%), ‎stomata conductivity (57.6%), maximum fluorescence (52.77%), variable fluorescence (136.09%), ‎quantum yield (54.24%) and grain yield (47.23%) in comparison with of no application of PGPR and ‎nanoparticles under salinity 120 mM. But electrical conductivity and minimum fluorescence (54.6 and ‎‎49.15% respectively) decreased in comparison with no application of PGPR and nanoparticles under the ‎same of salinity level.‎ The results of this study showed that application of Azospirlium and foliar application of ‎nano Zn-silcon oxide can increase the grain yield of triticale at salinity mM due to improving fluorescence ‎indices and some physiological traits such as stomata conductivity, chlorophyll index and relative water ‎content. Therefore, application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and nanoparticles (Zn and Si) can ‎be suggested as an effective method for moderate the effects of salinity stress.‎

Emotional and behavioral problems usually start in pre-primary school, and parent-centered meta-emotional training and family-centered play therapy are interventions that can be effective in this field. The purpose of the present study was to compare parent-centered meta-emotional education and family-centered play therapy on the disruptive behaviors of preschool children. This research was applied and its method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included preschool children in Tehran in 1400-1401, 45 of them were selected by a purposive sampling method and were divided into three equal experimental and control groups by a simple random method. The parents of the first experimental group underwent parent-centered meta-emotional education, and the parents of the second experimental group underwent family-centered play therapy, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Rater's behavioral problems questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis was done using analysis of variance with repeated measurements. The results showed that parent-centered meta-emotional education and family-centered play therapy had a significant effect on reducing children's behavioral problems in the post-test and follow-up phase (P<0.001). There were not significant difference between the effectiveness of the two groups (P>0.05). parent-centered meta-emotional education and family-centered play therapy can be used as an effective intervention in reducing children's behavioral problems.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. In Iran, breast cancer ranks first among cancers diagnosed in women comprising 24.4% of all malignancies. Currently, the large number of etiological factors and the complexity of breast cancer present challenge for prevention and treatment. Breast cancer tumorigenesis can be described as a multi-step process in which a normal cell undergoes malignant transformation to a fully developed tumor through accumulations of genetic and epigenetic changes. On the other hand, several studies indicated the signaling pathways role in Breast cancer. EGFR gene has been shown to be overexpressed in breast cancer. Dimerization of EGFR/HER2 induces breast cancer progression via activation of PI3K/AKT signaling cascade. MicroRNAs are endogenous, small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional level. MicroRNAs pair with partially complementary sites in the 3′untranslated regions (UTRs) of target mRNAs, leading to translational repression and/or mRNA degradation. In present study we applied bioinformatics data to predict miR-1226-3p as the regulator of PI3K/AKT pathway. Then significant down regulation of three target genes EGFR, PIK3R5 and AKT2 was observed post transfection of miR-1226-3p. To validate the effect of this down regulation on cells, expression of downstream genes PCNA, C-MYC and CCND1 was evaluated. Down regulation of these genes demonstrated that cell proliferation in this breast cancer cell line was inhibited and this miRNA could be considered as a tumor suppressor.

The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of parent-centered meta-emotional training on reducing aggression and disruptive behaviors of preschool children. The research was one  of  applied type and semi-experimental method with pre-test-post-test design with follow-up and  was2 months with control group. The statistical population of the study was preschool children in Tehran in the academic year of 1400-1401. 30 female children with disruptive and aggressive behaviors along with their parents were selected by random and targeted sampling. Parents were placed in two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The parents of children in the 7-session experimental group underwent meta-emotional training, and the control group did not receive any intervention. In order to collect data, the questionnaire of behavioral problems of parents' Rutter form and aggression scale of preschool children were used. The data were processed using analysis of variance with repeated measurements. The results showed that parent-centered hyperemotional training had a significant effect on reducing children's aggression and disruptive behaviors (P<0.001). Therefore, parent-centered meta-emotional training is effective as an intervention in reducing children's aggression and disruptive behaviors.

The Purpose Of This Study Was To Investigate The Effect Of Dispersion Of International Inter-Organizational Marketing Capabilities On Organizational Performance With Respect To The Mediating Role Of Marketing Plan Compliance And The Role Of Moderator Of Market Dynamics And International Marketing Coordination Of Mashhad Exporting Companies. The Statistical Population Of This Study Was The Managers And Experts Of Mashhad Exporting Companies, Whose Number Was About 135 People; According To Cochran's Formula, A Statistical Sample Of 100 People Is Considered. The Research Tool Was The Itzhak Standard Questionnaire (2019). For The Validity Of Abazar, Face Validity And Approval Of Experts And Professors Were Used And The Validity Of The Structure Was Confirmed Using Factor Loads. Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient Was Used And Confirmed For Reliability. Spss And Pls Software Were Used To Analyze The Data. The Results Showed That All Research Hypotheses Were Confirmed And The Dispersion Of Inter-Organizational Marketing Capabilities Affects The Compliance Of The Marketing Plan And Organizational Performance. Adaptation Of The Marketing Plan Can Also Mediate The Impact Of Inter-Organizational International Marketing Capabilities On Organizational Performance.

 Breast cancer patients need a variety of skills and abilities to deal with the consequences of the illness. Self-management is one of the operational strategies that leads to disease acceptance, treatment adherence, and improving the quality of life. The use of smartphone applications (apps) can play a pivotal role in the support and self-management of breast cancer patients. This study aimed to identify the educational contents and technical features of a self-management smartphone app for women with breast cancer in Iran.

 This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 2020. The statistical population of the study consists of 120 women with breast cancer who were selected via simple random sampling. For data collection, a self-designed questionnaire was developed in which validity and reliability of the questionnaire was measured. The statistical analysis of the data was made using the SPSS software.

 From the breast cancer patients’ point of view, the most important educational contents of the smartphone app.  include information acquisition (4.73), lifestyle management (4.65), symptom management (4.43), psychological management (4.01), and compatibility with changes (3.98) respectively. In terms of technical features the most important characteristics were ease of the app. use (4.83), simple visual interface (4.75), security and privacy of information (4.63), reminders (4.55) and the ability to communicate (4.42).

 For more effective smartphone apps, educational contents and technical features of apps should be designed based on the needs and preferences of patients. To ensure the use and acceptance of the app., developers should design apps that have technical requirements.

 Health Information Technology helps individuals prevent COVID-19. Many information technology applications have been developed to prevent Coronavirus infection globally; however, the quality level of these applications is uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the usability of the Mask mobile application, which is designed to fight COVID-19.

 The Mask mobile application is evaluated in two phases in this study. In the first phase, five experts performed the evaluation by Jacob Nielsen's 10 general principles, and in the second phase, 124 participants evaluated the Mask mobile application. Data collection tools were the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire.

 Mask mobile application was poor in experts evaluating it in terms of error prevention, flexibility, and efficiency. In the user-based test method, the user score of this application was 89 out of 100, which was equal to an excellent ranking and grade A.

 The results have indicated that the usability of the Mask mobile application to prevent COVID-19 has been excellent. As a result of the study, mobile application developers might improve or modify their existing mobile health application designs to achieve optimal outcomes.

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of plant hormones (IAA and BAP) and methyl jasmonate elicitor on callogenesis potential of Teucrium polium leaf explants and the content of some phenolic compounds (total phenols, o-diphenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and flavones) and its antioxidant capacity. Leaf explants prepared from hydroponically-grown plants were cultured on MS medium with separate and combined concentrations of IAA (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg L-1) and BAP (0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg L-1). The treatments with the highest percentage of callogenesis and fresh and dry weight were selected as the best hormonal conditions to evaluate the effect of methyl jasmonate (50, 100 and 200 μM) on phenolic derivatives. Eight weeks after callus growth, the content of various phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity of the extracts (based on DPPH and FRAP assays) were measured. Although a higher percentage of callogenesis was observed in all hormonal treatments than the control, conditions "IAA0.1 + BAP1" and "IAA1 + BAP1.5" mg L-1 were with 100% callus induction. The highest fresh and dry weight of calli were in the combined treatments "IAA0.1 + BAP0.5", "IAA0.1 + BAP1", "IAA1 + BAP0.5" and "IAA1 + BAP1.5" mg L-1. The results of the second part of the experiment showed that the highest amount of phenolic compound and all its derivatives except o-diphenol was seen under the treatment of 50 μM methyl-jasmonate- in all hormonal treatments. A strong correlation was also observed between the antioxidant potentials DPPH (r2 = -0.735) and FRAP (r2 = 0.876) with the content of phenolic compounds. Therefore, methyl jasmonate as a potent elicitor can increase the synthesis of phenolic derivatives and the antioxidant capacity in Teucrium callus. So this method would be an effective technique for the supply of medicinal-phenolic compounds.

The aim of this study was content analysis to examine the content of oral health messages present in the most viewed channels of telegrams as social network.

This  study was a descriptive anelytical one. The content of the most viewed health channels provided by the cyberspace organisation to the researchers. Our sample included oral health messages as texts, depicts, and videos during 4 weeks period in winter of 2018. Befor filtering  We conducted an inductive content analysis of a non random sample of 23000 messages, and coding was done by the MAXqda 2010 software.

Analysis of the oral health messages resulted in 21 subcategories and 5 main categories.
Including and health , oral disease, esthethic, nutrition and others. Among 23,000 commerical and health massage, 244 ones (1.06%) was correlated with dental and oral health. Freguency of data in decending order were related to esthetic, oral disease (etiology, prevention and treatment), oral health, nutrition and others. Between all massages, only one fifth was corresponded to scientific evidence.

It seems, related massages of dental and oral health in telegram social network was on percent and had little accordance to scientific evidence.

In this paper, the stability of a delayed Bidirectional Associative Memory (BAM) neural network consisting of two layers has been investigated. The approach includes linearization of the BAM neural network, obtaining the characteristic equation, analyzing the nature of its roots, and obtaining the condition for the systems' stability. The results show that the neural network is asymptotically stable when the eigenvalues have a negative real part. Next, the effect of delay in creating oscillation in the system was investigated, and the relevant parameter was obtained. Compared to the other published work in this area, an advantage of the proposed approach is its ability to identify the system's stability in a much more straightforward and less complicated method. Finally, a 2-layer neuron network simulation, with three neurons in each layer, using Simulink software (affiliated with MATLAB), is presented. The simulation results confirm the efficiency of the proposed method.

Restoration of freshly erupted permanent first molars with extensive caries is a challenge in pediatric dentistry. This study aimed to compare the fracture resistance of permanent molars with undermined walls restored with amalgam and composite resin along with cusp reduction, reinforcement of the walls with glass ionomer (GI) or no further intervention. This experimental in-vitro study evaluated 72 freshly extracted sound human third molars with almost equal dimensions. After cavity preparation, the teeth were then randomly divided into three groups. In group 1, the undermined area was reinforced with light-cure GI. Group 2 received a 2 mm cuspal cap, and group 3 received no intervention. Half of the teeth in each group were restored with composite resin and the other half with amalgam. The teeth then underwent thermocycling and their fracture resistance was measured by a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. No significant difference was noted in fracture resistance among three procedures in teeth restored with composite (P=0.589). However, this difference was significant in teeth restored with amalgam (P=0.001). The current results indicated when esthetics is not a priority, applying amalgam restorations with GI-reinforced undermined walls might be suitable for restoration of freshly erupted permanent first molars with extensive caries.

Sugar beet is an industrial and strategic crop regarding sugar production in Iran, however, accurate information on its yield potential (Yp) and yield gap (Yg) is limited. The aim of this study was to estimate the yield potential of sugar beet using GYGA protocol according to the current conditions for the first time in Iran. Based on this protocol, agro-climatic zones (CZ), reference weather stations (RWs) and buffers within each meteorological station in each climatic zone as well as the type of soil texture in the buffer range were determined and yield potential, yield gap and production were evaluated using SSM-iCrop2 model. Finally, 28 weather stations were selected for sugar beet in 13 climatic zones which cover 92.7% of total sugar beet cultivation areas. The modeling results estimated the yield potential and yield gap to be 11.39 and 6.23 M t, respectively. Actual yield and the yield potential were 46.663 and 102.986 tha-1, respectively resulting in yield gap of 56.323 t ha-1 for sugar beet production in Iran with a relative yield (RY) of 45%. This indicates that current management practices produce only less than half of the performance potential.

A hospital website is an appropriate system for exchanging information and connecting patients, hospitals and medical staff. The purpose of this study was to identify and classify desirable web-based services in websites of Iranchr('39')s hospitals based on Kano’s Customer Satisfaction Model.

This was a survey study. The statistical population of the study consisted of hospital website users, of whom 120 were randomly selected. The data collection tool was a questionnaire based on Kano model. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the information science and health information technology(HIT) professors. Data were analyzed using Kano model evaluation table, Excel software, and descriptive statistics. Cronbachchr('39')s alpha test was used to determine reliability(a=0.82).

First, the desirable web-based services of the hospitals’ websites were identified. Then, 67 identified services were classified into mandatory criteria(29 services), one-dimensional criteria(15 services), attractive criteria(14 services) and indifferent criteria(9 services). Most services were mandatory, attractive, one-dimensional and indifferent in content components.

Most services identified in this study were on the websites of the worldchr('39')s leading hospitals; HIT designers and professionals and hospital managers are expected to use such services in designing hospital websites. Although the comments of site designers and experts were practical in some cases, they attracted a limited number of users due to their unfamiliarity with specialized website design topics.

Smartphone applications play a pivotal role in management, providing care and preventing infectious diseases. It also has the potential impact on supportive and self-care. This study aimed to identify the requirements for a smartphones self-care system to prevent corona-virus (COVID-19).

This was a descriptive study performed in two main stages in 2020. At the first stage, to recognize the requirements for a smartphones self-care system, similar articles were searched and identified. In the second stage, the identified requirements were validated through a researcher-made questionnaire. The sample size of the study consisted of infectious diseases specialists of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and frequency).

Requirements of the self-care system were identified in four areas: "demographic data, clinical requirements, self-care strategies, and technical characteristics". Also, according to the research community, 5 data elements for demographic data, 11 data elements for clinical requirements, 5 data elements for self-care strategies, and 11 data elements for technical characteristics were selected.

Applying the requirements and suggested strategies in the present study can improve self-care skills to prevent corona-virus, symptoms management, motivate and reduce stress, increase personal hygiene and communication with health care providers.

Cognitive functions are higher-order cortical activities that include various parameters such as concentration, executive function, and working memory.

The purpose of this study was to compare cognitive functions in three groups of Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD), and normal people. Patients and

This descriptive-analytical study included patients with ADHD, IAD, and normal individuals (26 normal individuals and 27 patients in each of the IAD and ADHD groups) who were evaluated by Conners’ Adult Scale, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Young Internet Addiction Test, and Persian Paper and Pencil Cognitive Assessment Package (PCAP). Data were analyzed by SPSS 23 software. The ANOVA test with Bonferroni’s pairwise comparison and chi-square test were used for data analysis at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that the ADHD subjects scored higher (P < 0.01) on the GHQ test and its subscales, as well as the Conners’ test. Also, patients with ADHD had lower scores on attention, concentration, and working memory scales than IAD and normal counterparts (P < 0.01). Working memory was weaker in IAD patients than normal subjects and ADHD and cognitive function is more damaged than IAD.

The results showed that patients with ADHD had higher levels of impairment in working memory than IAD patients. Meanwhile, cognitive deficits were more sensible in ADHD.

By assessing the status of dentistry education at different stages, one can identify the program's weaknesses and make the necessary changes and modifications in the program. The aim of this study was to investigate Attitude of dentistry students at clinical sections of Mashhad Medical University towards the application of basic sciences courses.

This cross-sectional study was perfromed on 60 clinical dentistry students (fourth and fifth year) in 2018. The demographic and basic information, the level of applicability of the basic courses in the clinic, the overall view of the basic sciences and the way the basic science courses were presented in a validated questionnaire completed by self-report in five-point likert scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS ver. 18.

From the students' point of view, head and neck anatomy courses with a score of 4.62±0.54 and a specialized language with 4.12±0.68 points were the most used basic science courses in clinical practice. Biochemistry courses with 0.91±0.1 points and medical physics with 1.1±0.2 points were reported from the least-used basic science courses. The general outcomes of the basic science study showed that most students (52 cases, 86.6%) agree with the statement 'the basic science course is required, but its length is long'. Concerning the students' view of how the courses were presented, the highest agreement with 21 cases (35%) was related to the statement 'Practical lessons were useful in understanding the concepts of theoretical lessons', and the most disagreement with 57 cases (95%) was related to the statement 'The design of basic science courses was based on problem-solving skills'.

It seems that the dental education system has relatively good performance and capabilities, but deficiencies in some of the educational programs for some students cannot be forgotten. Academic Dental Organizations need to change educational requirements to improve the quality of their education.

  The school-based oral health programs are an opportunity to inspire positive attitudes and proper oral health behavior in students. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two oral health education methods on the oral health of boarding high school students in Fariman, Iran. In this interventional study, 345 students were randomly divided into three groups, namely self-led (control), teacher-led (instructed by teachers), and peer-led (instructed by students). All students were subjected to Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), Gingival Index (GI), Plaque Index (PI) measurements before and three months after the intervention. The data were analyzed using the paired
t-test, the Kruskal-Wallis, and the Chi-square tests. The P-value less than 0.05 was considered to be significant. The results of the study showed a significant decrease regarding the scores of all three indices (P<0.001) in the peer-led group, compared to the self-led intervention. According to the paired sample t-test analyses following the intervention, there was a significant decrease in the mean OHI-S , GI, and PI in all three groups (P<0.001), peer-led group (P<0.001), and peer-led and self-led groups (P<0.001), respectively. Due to the significant decline in all three indices of the peer-led group compared to the other two groups, using talented students as “oral and dental health assistants” may be an effective approach for promotion of oral and dental hygiene among teenagers. However, there is aneed to conduct more research in this field of study.

Nowadays, appraisal of patient's perception of health has largely replaced the clinical evaluations. This study aimed to compare oral health-related quality of life in patients referring to public and private clinics in Mashhad, Iran.
In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 383 patients referred to five private and two public dental clinics in Mashhad, Iran. The study variables including age, gender, level of education, functional dentition status, decayed, missing, and filled teeth, and the reason for referral were recorded. Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP) score was calculated for each patient. To analyze the data, independent samples t-test, Man-Whitney U test, and Chi-squared test were run.
The reason for visiting the public and private clinics was significantly different (P The mean OIDP score was significantly higher in public clinics, that is, oral health-related quality of life was lower in patients referring to public clinics.

This research was examined with the aim of improving social skills by using group games with the control of mothers’ emotional intelligence quotient (EQ). In this semi-experimental study, pretest-posttest randomized group design and random sampling, from 100 children between 6-5 years and pre-elementary center in Tehran, Region 2, 30 children with low social skills, were selected and placed randomly in two groups, test group (15 children) and control group (15 children). Their mothers’ emotional intelligence quotient (EQ) were evaluated too .The members of test group participated in group games designed by researcher to learn social skills. They participated in these games ten sessions, two times per week. The researcher utilized two different tools to evaluate social skills and emotional intelligence quotient (EQ). Schemes in this research were computed by covariance analysis statistic test. Research results showed that teaching social skills in pre-elementary children by using group games improves their skills effectively. (p0/05). Also, Lateral Results using independent t test were showed that who girls in post-test than boys (p