جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « آلبومین » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Saffron has anti-seizure, anti-depressant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and memory improvement drugs. In this study, the effect of saffron hydroalcoholic extract on changes in liver-related biochemical factors following chronic vitamin A intoxication in adult male rats was investigated.

For this purpose, 48 adult male Wistar rats weighing approximately 200±20 g were divided into 6 groups of 8. Control group: did not receive any drug treatment, sham group: received only solvent extract, experimental groups 1: Hydroalcoholic extract of saffron alone received 50 mg / kg for 15 days. Experimental group 2: Vitamin A received 50,000 IU for 15 days. Experimental groups 3 and 4: First, they received 50,000 IU of vitamin A for 15 days and then received saffron hydroalcoholic extract at 50 and 80 mg / kg, respectively, for 21 days. At the end of the experiment, the body weight of the animals was measured. Blood samples were taken from the heart and albumin, bilirubin and total protein levels were measured. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test.

The mean body weight in the groups receiving vitamin A and saffron hydroalcoholic extract together and alone did not show a significant change compared to the control and sham groups. Mean serum levels of total protein and albumin in experimental group 2 receiving vitamin A and experimental group 3 showed a significant decrease compared to control and control groups. The mean serum levels of total protein and albumin in experimental group 4 showed a significant increase compared to experimental group 2 receiving vitamin A. The mean serum level of total bilirubin in experimental group 2 receiving vitamin A and experimental group 3 showed a significant increase compared to the control and sham groups. The mean serum level of total bilirubin in experimental group 4 showed a significant decrease compared to experimental group 2 receiving vitamin A (P> 0.05).

Saffron hydroalcoholic extract has a protective effect on changes in liver-related biochemical factors following chronic vitamin A poisoning in adult male rats.

As a global healthcare issue, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is mainly associated with smoking. Nonetheless, environmental and occupational issues are also linked to its development. The present study aimed to assess the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and serum uric acid (SUA) levels as predictors of disease severity in COPD patients.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 67 patients diagnosed with COPD using the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease diagnostic criteria. The participants were patients who were either referred to the subspecialty clinic of the pulmonology and spirometry unit of Hamadan Shahid Beheshti Hospital or were hospitalized in the pulmonology ward. Blood and urine samples were taken from the COPD patients, and the serum uric acid, urine albumin, and urine creatinine levels were assessed and recorded in a checklist. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 23) at a significance level of 0.05.

In terms of gender, 5.7% of the participants were male and 34.3% were female. The mean age of patients was 61.77 years. The stages of disease severity in the patients were as follows: 20.89%, 22.38%, 5.73%, and 2.98% of cases had very severe, severe, moderate, and mild COPD, respectively. The regression analysis results demonstrated that SUA levels could significantly predict the FEV1 in COPD patients; nonetheless, urine ACR could not predict the FEV1 scores.

As evidenced by the result of the present study, the FEV1 in COPD patients and disease severity could be predicted by the SUA levels. Therefore, it is recommended to consider monitoring and assessing non-pulmonary factors, especially SUA levels, in the treatment of COPD patients.

One of the major challenges in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is sepsis. The incidence of sepsis in patients admitted to the ICU has been reported from 13.6-39.3%. Many factors affect patient mortality, including acute phase proteins such as albumin.

The present study was a retrospective study in which patients with a diagnosis of sepsis referred to Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz from March to August were collected. In the present study, patients with sepsis admitted to the ICU who did not show improvement for more than 7 days were evaluated for length of hospital stay, survival and the relationship with albumin levels. During the study, albumin was checked every 72 hours and its validation was done. Based on albumin levels less than 2.6, they were treated with albumin. The patients who did not have an increase in the level of albumin remained in the study.

124 patients including 64 women (51.6) and 60 men (48.4) with a mean age of 66.4±15.4 were included in the study. The mean duration of hospitalization was 31.4±18.9 days, in which 24 patients (19.4%) died and 100 patients (80.6%) were discharged. Age, albumin and protein levels were associated with disease prognosis (P<0.001). Also, the duration of hospitalization in the deceased patients was longer than the recovered patients (27.7±25 vs. 32±17.1) (P=0.04). After further investigations, it was found that there is no difference between the deceased people (66±15.7) and the recovered people (67.7±14.1) (P=0.7).

The results of the present study showed that albumin has a direct effect on the severity of sepsis and this issue affects older patients more. Therefore, it is recommended that albumin be considered as a risk factor and one of the influential factors in choosing the best treatment strategy, which is associated with a reduction in mortality, hospitalization and treatment costs.

The use of doxorubicin is limited due to its dose-dependent toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hydroalcoholic extract of ginger on the levels of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALK), albumin and total protein in male rats after receiving doxorubicin.

63 adult male rats were divided into 7 groups: Control group, Sham group: received solvent. Experimental group 1 received doxorubicin at a dose of 20 mg / kg and experimental groups 2 and 3 received 300 and 600 mg / kg of hydroalcoholic extract of ginger, experimental groups 4 and 5, doxorubicin received 20 mg / kg + 300 mg / kg of hydroalcoholic extract of ginger and doxorubicin 20mg / kg  + 600 mg / kg of hydroalcoholic extract of ginger, respectively. After the end of the test period, blood samples were collected and serum levels of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALK), albumin and total protein were measured.

Serum levels of ALT, AST and ALK enzymes in DOX group increased significantly compared to controls and serum levels of albumin and total protein showed a significant decrease. Serum levels of ALT, AST and ALK enzymes in DOX + ZIN300 and DOX + ZIN600 groups decreased significantly compared to DOX group. Serum albumin and total protein levels showed a significant increase compared to the DOX group (P <0.05). Also, serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALK) and biochemical factors (total protein, albumin) in ZIN300 and ZIN600 groups did not change significantly compared to the control group.

Hydroalcoholic extract of ginger may improve liver function after receiving doxorubicin due to its antioxidant properties.

Due to the role of insulin in the control of blood sugar and its widespread use,it is very important to fine-tune the amount of insulin that should reach the patient so that the patient is not exposed to the complications of non-regulation of blood sugar. Research has shown that the choice of solution and serum containers is effective in the patient's access to insulin.Our goal is to compare the degree of insulin adhesion to the walls of glass and plastic containers.

First,3 one-lit glass and plastic containers containing5%dextrose were prepared and300 mu of regular insulin was added to them.2cc albumin and plasma were added to glass and plastic containers No2-3.At time0,sampling was done from the end of the set,then the10cc/min flow was maintained and the sampling was repeated at 30-60min.Insulin concentration in the samples was assessed by insulin test kits and the data were analyzed by various tests.

At time 0,50% adhesion was observed in glass containers and75% in plastic containers (P<0.05).At 0-30,there was no significant difference in insulin levels between glass and plastic containers(P>0.05).Mean insulin decreased significantly(P<0.05)in glass containers during 60 min but increased(P>0.05)in plastic containers.In general, during one hour,the trend of changes in mean insulin in containers was significant(P<0.05).

The highest amount of wall adhesion occurs at time0,which is significantly higher in plastic containers than glass.after one hour,a decrease in insulin content occurs significantly in glass containers,while in plastic containers,the amount of insulin increases slightly.

Benefits of the effects of plant compounds with therapeutic characteristics depend on the bioavailability of their active ingredients. Curcumin includes limitations such as low stability and solubility as well as sensitivity to processing conditions and gastrointestinal conditions. Therefore, novel methods such as nanocomplex preparation in these compounds have been developed.

To increase solubility and stability of curcumin, a curcumin-albumin nanocomplex was prepared. The response surface methodology-face cantered composite design statistical design was used to optimize three factors in preparation of nanoparticles. Factors included organic phase volume (6.4–11.11% v/v), pH (3–7) and curcumin ratio (5000–000 μg). Glutaraldehyde and tannic acid were used for crosslinking. Particle size, zeta potential (dynamic light scattering method), particle morphology (field emission-scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy) and crosslinking index (ninhydrin and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) were investigated. Factors and responses were analyzed using Design Expert Software v.8.

In curcumin nanocomplex, the optimal conditions for the production of albumin nanoparticles were assessed at pH far from the isoelectric point of albumin and a volume proportion of the organic phase of 11.4%. For simultaneous achievement of the smallest particle with the highest curcumin encapsulation and desirability factor, the optimum efficiency was achieved at 3400 μg of curcumin. Curcumin encapsulation efficiency and particle size was 72.54%  and less than 230 nm, respectively. Use of tannic acid increased the efficiency of curcumin entrapment in albumin nanocomplex
(p < 0.05).

Results of this study showed that use of albumin-curcumin nanocomplex along with tannic acid as a crosslinking agent increased encapsulation and stability of curcumin.

In the last decade, diamond nanoparticles (DI-NPs) have gained considerable attention in both industries such as medicine and academia. Numerous studies have used various nanoparticles, including diamond nanoparticles, as drug carriers, but the direct effect of diamond nanoparticles on different cell lines, including breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and lymphocyte, is obscure. Therefore, in this study, we investigated and compared the effect of diamond nanoparticles on the cells of breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and human lymphocyte. Some authors have pointed to the destructive effect of DI-NPs on red blood cells. These studies revealed that the characteristics of blood cells, including red blood cells change during the incubation of whole human blood samples with the suspension of DI-NPs in vitro. Blood cell aggregation and their ability to deform are among the most considerable changes that these cells experience. The mechanisms responsible for this effect may be based on the interaction of Nanodiamonds with red blood cells directly or with plasma proteins such as albumin, the major molecular component of blood plasma, indirectly. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of nanoparticles on the protein structure of albumin. However, a detailed study has not been performed to investigate the binding mechanisms and the exact interaction of DI-NPs with albumin protein, as well as to compare the effect of DI-NPs on healthy cells and cancer cells. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the interaction of albumin protein with DI-NPs using spectroscopic methods and comparing the effect of DI-NPs on the viability of lymphocytes and cancer cells.

Cells were cultured in a 96-well culture plate and treated with different concentrations of DI-NPs (0, 1, 10, 20, 50, 100 µg / ml) for 24 hours. Then, 10 µL of MTT solution were added to the cells. After four hours of holding in a 37 ° incubator, the reaction was stopped by adding DMSO solution, and finally, the adsorption rate was measured by an ELISA plate reader at 570 nm. Lactate dehydrogenase test: Cells were treated in a 24-well culture plate with specific concentrations of DI-NPs for 24 hours. The activity of the LDH enzyme in the supernatant and cell lysed was measured using the Pars Azmoun LDH diagnostic kit. Cells were cultured in a 96-well culture plate and treated with DI-NPs for 24 hours. Next, cells were precipitated and washed with PBS solution; after that 100 μl of cell solution with 1 μl of Acridine Orange-Ethidium Bromide dye, the mixture was kept at laboratory temperature for 5 minutes. In the final step, 10 µL of cell suspension were placed on a slide and examined by fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence measurements were recorded on a fluorescence spectrophotometer. To do so, 2 μM protein solution concentration and different concentrations of DI-NPs (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 μg/ml) were used. The excitation wavelength was set at 270 nm and the emission rate was measured in the range of 300-400 nm. Three sets of fluorescence measurements were recorded at 310, 298, and 315 ° K for different concentrations of DI-NPs. To record the Spectra, a spectropolarimeter was used, and in the ultraviolet region ranging from 190 nm to 260 nm measurements were performed. 2 micromolar protein solution concentration and different concentrations of nanoparticles (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 μg/ml) were utilized. It is also worth mentioning, the experiments were done in the presence and absence of nanoparticles. Measurements were recorded after at least 2 minutes of incubation required for the interaction between DI-NPs and albumin protein.

After exposure of lymphocytes and breast cancer cells (MCF-7) to DI-NPs, a decrease in cell survival was observed in breast cancer cells (MCF-7), however, no significant reduction was observed in the viability of lymphocyte cells. When Nanoparticle cytotoxicity started at a concentration of 20 μg / ml, cell viability decreased by 25-21% (p<0.05) compared to the control group; accordingly, cytotoxicity on breast cancer cells increased with increasing nanoparticle concentration. At a concentration of 50 and 100 μg/ml, the survival rate of cancer cells decreased 53.2% - 49.3% (p<0.01) and 68.4% - 64.3% (p<0.001), respectively compared to the control group. Therefore, MTT test results confirmed a concentration-dependent decrease in cancer cell viability. The results also showed that the leakage of LDH enzyme from breast cancer cells (MCF-7) is concentration-dependent. For instance, at the concentrations of 20, 50 and 100 μg / ml the leakage rate of LDH enzyme increased 145.82 ± 10.56 % (p<0.05), 160.76 ± 12.34 % (p<0.01), and 170.46 ± 11.43 % (p<0.001) respectively compared to the control group. the highest rate of lactate dehydrogenase leakage and cell damage was observed at a concentration of 100 μg/ml (Figure 2). The outcomes of the Akredin Orange / Ethidium Bromide test demonstrated that DI-NPs lead to compaction and fragmentation of cellular DNA and induce apoptosis in cancer cells (MCF-7), while no significant effect was spotted on healthy cells.The fluorescence spectroscopy’s results showed a shift towards shorter wavelengths and a decrease in the maximum emission intensity due to the increase in nanoparticle concentration, indicating an increase in protein surface hydrophobicity and displacement of aromatic amino acids to albumin protein level due to increased nanoparticle concentration. The fluorescence spectrum of albumin protein at 298, 310, 315° K declined with increasing concentration of DI-NPs. Therefore, it can be inferred that the DI-NPs led to quenching and suppression of albumin protein. The binding mechanism between albumin protein and DI-NPs is presented using the Stern-Volmer diagram in Figure - 5. As shown in Table 1, while the temperature increases, the Stern Volmer constant decreases. The inverse relationship between temperatureand Stern-Volmer constant implies a static bond between DI-NPs and albumin protein. Therefore, it can be concluded that DI-NPs are complexed with albumin protein and the type of quenching mechanism of albumin nanoparticles with albumin protein is static quenching. The CD spectrum of a protein shows information about the secondary structure of the protein. Figure 6 illustrates that the albumin protein has a peak at 208 and 222 nm, indicating the Alpha-Helix structure of the albumin protein. With the increasing concentration of DI-NPs, the structure of albumin protein changes to the random coil structure. Consequently, DI-NPs change the structure of albumin protein from alpha-helix to random coil. Although the melting point of albumin protein is 61°C (see Figure - 7), this temperature changed to 58°C in the presence of diamond nanoparticles, which indicates a decrease in albumin protein stability.

In this study, breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) and lymphocyte cell lines were used to evaluate the toxicity of diamond nanoparticles. The results showed that nanoparticles lead to increased leakage of lactate dehydrogenase in breast cancer cells (MCF-7); while, no enzyme leakage was observed in lymphocyte cells. The results of the apoptosis test confirmed the induction of cell apoptosis in cancer cells, whereas the induction of apoptosis in lymphocyte cells produced no effect. Additionally, the structure of albumin protein in the presence of DI-NPs was investigated by a series of techniques. UV-vis spectroscopy shows an obvious change in the secondary structure of albumin protein after binding to diamond nanoparticles. UV-vis and CD spectroscopy reveal that the structural properties of albumin protein are not preserved in the collection of DI-NPs with albumin protein. Fluorescence spectroscopy shows that the amino acid tryptophan in albumin protein is placed in a more hydrophobic environment in a set of DI-NPs with albumin protein, indicating that protein expansion is likely to occur. The results confirm that DI-NPs can greatly alter the structural properties of albumin protein in the collection of DI-NPs with albumin protein. Therefore, the use of DI-NPs in medical applications needs further study.

The plasma industry started during World War II with the need for Plasma Derived Medicinal Products (PDMP). About 30 major plasma products are now commercially available, the most important of which are albumin, coagulation factors and immunoglobulin. Demand for these products is still growing, and these products have become particularly important not only in the treatment of diseases but also in global trade. The article is a brief overview on the evolution of plasma industry over the past eighty years.

This review was done by searching for articles in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus databases, based on aspects of the evolution of the plasma industry, and the cost of producing plasma derivatives, from the beginning of this industry, from 1940 to 2021. Additionally, private sector entry and cost and benefit of viral deactivation processes in plasma industry was selected.

The plasma industry has experienced tremendous progress over the years and faced many problems, and despite advances in biotechnology, this industry is a unique necessity in the health of human societies. The production of plasma-derived pharmaceutical products is a complex activity and involves several stages of operational units.

There are many challenges and opportunities in the future of plasma industry. It seems that the emergence of new pathogens, the need for new PDMPs, and the potential to create new consumer markets, will be a challenge for plasma industry in the future. But the increasing demand can provide a good opportunity to change strategies and optimize consumption. The development of recombinant methods provides a good alternative to these products. In addition, the potential of using surplus plasma for local production provides an opportunity for developing countries.

A high-fat diet(HFD) can damage the kidneys. Aloe vera gel with fat reducing properties is used to treat kidney disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Aloe vera ethanolic extract on biochemical parameters and histological in the kidney tissue of rats fed with HFD.

In this study , 40 adult male Wistar rats were purchased and randomly categorized in to the 5 groups animals, including two control groups ( control, control fed with a HFD and The experimental groups were divided into simultaneous recipient (H.F.D) and doses of 150, 300 and 600 mg / kg of aloe vera extract, respectively Prescriptions were performed for 60 days.finally after blood sampling, kidney tissue was dissected and histopathologically examined histopathologically and serum concentrations of BUN ,total protein , creatinine and albumin were measured. Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance and Duncan post hoc test.

Fed with a H.F.D increased the serum concenrations of BUN and creatinine and decreased serum albumin concentrations (P<0.05).The use of aloe vera extract in rats fed a high-fat diet improved renal tissue, significantly reduced BUN concentrations, and increased serum albumin and total protein concentrations.No significant effect was observed in the mean serum concentrations of creatinine in the groups receiving aloe vera Ethanolic extract.

  aloevera ethanolic extract  may reduced serum concentrations BUN, increased serum albumin , total protein in rats fed with a HFD. Also, aloevera extract improved the structure of kidney tissue.

Apoptosis plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular complications, especially acute myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that exercise can alter the pathways of myocardial apoptosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of two weeks of intense intermittent exercise on Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspas-3 in the heart tissue of male rats.

20 male Wistar rats aged 8 weeks (mean weight 224.41 5 5.1 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, training, stroke and stroke-training. The training groups performed two weeks of intense intermittent training in four sections. The first section received two sessions three days a week, each session consisting of four intense two-minute intervals at a speed of 35 to 40 meters per minute, with an active 2-minute rest interval between the two rotations. The exercises of the second part included two days a week, two sessions each day containing 4 intense 2-minute intervals and 3 2-minute active rest intervals. The third section, on three days a week, included 5 intense cycles and 4 active rest cycles. The fourth part consisted of two days a week with the same intensity as the third part, but with an increase in the frequency of activity and active rest in each session. Finally, Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspas-3 proteins were measured using ELISA kit in blood samples taken from heart tissue and the data obtained using the analysis of variance were measured. Paths were analyzed at a significance level of 0.05.

There was a significant decrease in Bax and Caspas-3 indices between exercise-stroke and stroke groups (P = 0.000), but Bcl-2 index in exercise-stroke group increased significantly compared to stroke group. (P = 0.000) was associated.

Based on the results of the present study, performing 2 weeks of intense intermittent exercise reduces apoptosis and myocardial infarction and can protect the heart from possible injuries.

Due to multiple roles of albumin in the body, injection of its medicinal product as one of the therapeutic or management strategies under conditions such as severe bleeding, burns, liver failure, and neonatal hemolytic diseases is on the physicians' agenda. Considering that albumin is the most abundant plasma protein, designing an appropriate method to purify it is highly important. There are several methods such as human plasma fractionation, chromatographic, or Salting-out methods for the isolation and purification of the human albumin. The present study investigates a direct and combined ion-exchange chromatography approach for purification of albumin from human plasma and compares the quality of the final products obtained by both ion-exchange chromatographic methods.

This study was carried out from January 2019 to October 2019 at the Blood Transfusion Research Center, High institute for research and education in transfusion medicine, affiliated with the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization. For this study, 10 human plasma bags were randomly collected. After thawing, all 10 human plasma bags were pooled, and in order to separate cryo paste, it was centrifuged at 4000 g for 10 minutes at the temperature of 1 Centigrade degree. Then the obtained cryo poor plasma was used to purify the albumin protein by direct and combined methods of ionexchange chromatography. The purity of the final products was compared by cellulose acetate electrophoresis and SDS-PAGE tests. The sample obtained by the combined approach was pasteurized and HPLC analysis was performed to investigate any polymer aggregates.

In contrast to the direct method, the final product obtained by combined ionexchange chromatography had a good purity by the average of about 95% and the amount of polymer was estimated to be less than 5% by HPLC analysis (P<0.05).

By diluting the plasma and subsequently reducing the ionic strength, albumin can be separated from human plasma with a high degree of purity only by two steps of ion-exchange chromatography

Sera are a multifaceted mixture of growth factors, proteins, and etc. which can influence oocyte maturation and fertilization. The aim of this survey is assessing the effect of different sera on in vitro maturation and fertilization in NMRI mice.

In this experimental study, maturation of oocytes was evaluated in α-MEM medium treated with 0 to 20 allogenic and autologous mice serums, Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) after 14-18h incubation period. Then MII oocytes were fertilized with capacitated sperms that percentages of 0 to 20 and investigated fertilization ratio.

In vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization level elevated significantly by adding serum to the culture medium (P<0.05). The most prominent maturation rate was observed in denuded oocytes (DOs) treated with FBS 10% (80%) and cumulus oocyte complex (COCs) treated with BSA 5% (98%) (P<0.001). In addition, the highest fertilization rate was observed in DOs treated with BSA 5% and COCs treated with allogenic serum 15% (77%, 75%), respectively (P<0.001).

The results of this study revealed that although BSA and FBS had better results than allogeneic and autologous sera, therefore, IVF findings in oocyte containing cumulus indicated high capacity of allogenic serum in this process. So, application of allogenic serum can be an appropriate replacement versus animal serum to reduce the challenges of infertility treatment modalities.

Primidone is effective in the treatment of epilepsy. In this research, effect of primidone on liver- related biochemical factors in adult male rats was studied.

For this purpose, 40 adult male wistar rats, weighing approximately 180-200 g were divided into 5 groups of 8 animals. Groups: control group, Sham group and treatment at doses of 20 ,40 and 60 mg/kg, orally for 42 days (every other day) respectively. At the end of the experiment , liver weight were measured in all groups and then the blood sample was taken from heart and serum levels of albumin, total protein and total bilirubin were measured. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and tukey test statistical analysis.

the results show that liver weight in experimental groups had not a significant difference compared to control group. Serum level albumin and total protein in experimental groups had a significant decrease compared to control group. Serum level total bilirubin in experimental groups had a significant increase compared to control group (p≤0.05).

Primidone decrease serum levels of albumin and total protein and increase serum level of total bilirubin.

Narcissus flower has been rich in several different secondary metabolites including essential oils, trinoids, flanoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids and has bioactive, pharmaceutical properties and is beloved in the perfume industry. This study aimed to investigate the effect of alcoholic extract of bulbs of narcissus on indexes of renal function.

In this study, 20 adult male rats were randomly divided into 3 experimental and one control group. Experimental groups received oral bulbs extract of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg orally for 6 days. Blood samples were taken from all groups of mice on day 7 and renal function tests were performed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21 and the results were presented as mean and standard deviation (Mean±SEM).

Total Proteins decreased significantly (P<0.01) at 100mg/kg Narcissus bulb extract. At the dose of 150 mg/kg of extract, total protein and albumin activity significantly decreased and creatinine significantly increased (P<0.05). Urea at 150 mg/kg concentration also showed a significant increase compared to the control group (P<0.01(. BUN did not change significantly at all doses of the extract compared to the control group.

Significant decrease in total protein and albumin, and significant increase in urea and creatinine, indicate toxicity at high doses of Narcissus bulb extract, which needs further histological studies.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder in which dopamine-producing neurons are destroyed. This disease is associated with aging. Our aim in this study was to measure the serum concentrations of albumin and uric acid (UA) as a biomarker for PD detection. In this case-control study, we recruited 40 Parkinson patients and 40 healthy individuals. Blood samples (5 ml) were collected from both groups and the serum was isolated. Serum albumin and UA levels were measured, and the data was analyzed by SPSS software, and graphs were prepared using Graphpad Prism. Our results showed that the serum levels of albumin were significantly higher in the control group (5.69 ± 2.51 g/dl) compared to the patient group (4.12 ± 1.60 g/dl) (p˂ 0.001). On the other hand, the serum concentrations of UA in the control group (5.18 ± 1.28 mg/dl) were not statistically significantly different in comparison with the patient group (5.01 ± 1.34 mg/dl) (p= 0.56). The ROC analysis used to evaluate the diagnostic value of biomarkers for PD. Albumin was shown to have a high capability for separating patients from healthy subjects, with an area under the ROC curve 0.85, sensitivity 60% and specificity 97%. The findings of this study indicate that serum albumin levels in patients with PD are lower than healthy subject, and maybe in the future this can be used as diagnostic criteria

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the interaction of albumin- the most important plasma protein- with various drugs leads to variations in the pharmacokinetics of drugs. Since interaction of different pharmaceuticals with albumin is determinant in the estimation of dose and prediction of drug-drug and drug-food interferences, studying the binding ability of different drugs with albumin is an active area of research.
Docking studies were performed by Lamarckian Genetic Algorithm of AutoDock 4.2 program. The three-dimensional structures of albumin were obtained from Brookhaven protein data bank (2BXD & 2BXF; www.rcsb.org). Pre-processing of molecules was done using AM1 method and AutoDock Tools 1.5.4 software. AM1 optimization method was performed using Polak-Ribiere (conjugate gradient) algorithm with termination condition as RMS gradient of 0.1 Kcal/Å mol. Schematic representation of drug-albumin complexes were obtained by Ligplot.
Oxiconazole and fenticonazole were top-ranked drugs in binding to site 1 (subdomain IIA) and 2 (subdomain IIIA) of albumin, respectively (∆Gb -9.01 and -9.89 kcal.mol-1). Leu238 and Ala291 were the key residues of site 1 due to hydrophobic contacts with all of the antifungals, while Ile388, Asn391 and Leu430 were the key residues of site 2. A few structure binding relationship rules could be extracted from the binding pattern of antifungal drugs.
It was found that antifungal agents might have higher affinity toward site 2 of albumin rather than site 1. Estimated high albumin affinities of antifungals provided the possibility of drug-drug or drug-food interactions. It seemed that hydrophobic contacts were more significant in binding antifungals to albumin.

One of the main organs of the body is the liver, which is responsible for the metabolism of various substances and hormones in the body. Therefore, in order to cope with the destructive effects of diabetes and its complications on the liver enzymes, strong antioxidants were needed. In this study, it was attempted to investigate the effects of berberine on albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT or AST) and alanine aminotransferase (SGPT or ALT) enzymes.
In this study, 50 male Wistar rats with a weight range of 180-230g were divided into 5 groups of 10, namely control group (that received citrate buffer as a vehicle), diabetic group (induced by streptozotocin, 55mg/kg IP), diabetics treated with berberine group (berberine treatment, 10mg/kg SC) and diabetics treated with berberine group (berberine treatment, 15mg/kg SC), and diabetics treated with berberine group (berberine treatment, 20mg/kg SC). After two months past of induction of diabetes, medication was injected subcutaneously in the various doses for 2 weeks. Then, samples were examined for the blood factors.
Findings: In this study, a significant decrease in serum albumin of the diabetic group was observed compared to the control group and a significant increase in serum albumin of experimental groups was observed versus the diabetic (case) group. In addition, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase enzymes showed a significant increase in the treatment group compared with the control group. However, a significant decrease was observed in the treated groups versus the diabetic group.
This study showed that subcutaneous injection of berberine improves the destructive effects of the diabetic enzymes in the diabetics rats.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of albumin correction and positive energy balance in the outcome of multiple trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit.
This cross-sectional study was carried out on 196 patients suffering from multiple trauma admitted to ICU in Bahonar Hospital in Kerman in 2016. Patients were initially sampled to measure serum levels of albumin, then after correction of albumin, the levels of albumin were measured via vial and all data were collected and analyzed.
The mean of standard deviation for serum levels of albumin in patients under study was 3.6 ± 0.9% after admission and 3.45 ± 0.75 after correction. There was no significant relationship regarding albumin level (P value = 0.262).
The results of this study revealed that the degree of malnutrition of patients before admission can be a strong prognosis factor in predicting the rate of mortality of patients in intensive care unit. Moreover, the albumin serum can act as a predictive factor of the mortality of hospitalized patients due to trauma; of course, this needs further studies to be dedicated to.

Diabetes is the result of functional impairment of insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the Salvia officinalis (SO) extract on serum levels of albumin, total protein and serum sodium and potassium electrolytes.
In this experimental study, 50 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 10. The control group received food and water, the diabetic group received 60 mg/kg streptozotocin, the SO-treated control group received 400 mg/kg of SO daily, and the SO-treated diabetic groups received 200 and 400 mg/kg of SO daily. Injections were performed intraperitoneally. After 21 days, the blood sample was taken from the heart to measure the factors.
The serum concentration of potassium in the diabetic group showed a significant increase compared to the control group and showed a significant decrease in the treated diabetic group compared to the diabetic group. The serum concentration of sodium in the diabetic group was significantly lower than the control group. Also, the serum concentrations of albumin and total proteins in the diabetic group significantly decreased compared to the control group and these concentrations significantly increased in the treated diabetic groups compared to the diabetic group. Moreover, the serum levels of albumin and total proteins in the treated control group significantly increased compared to the control group (P≤0.05).
The antioxidant compounds of the SO extract can increase the serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, potassium and sodium and have been proven effective in reducing complications of diabetes.