فهرست مطالب احمد رومیانی

The development of ecotourism is a viable strategy to preserve natural resources and cultural values in society. In addition, it empowers local communities and brings about cultural, social, and environmental sustainability. This study aims to evaluate the predictor elements of environmental knowledge and awareness of eco-tourists in the protected area of Binalood. The research method is a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the study is the number of eco-tourists entering the region, based on field statistics obtained from village-heads (September 2017), which is estimated at 12,900. Finally, 210 were used as the sample size and as the basis for completing the questionnaire and analysis. The research findings, based on a single sample t-test, revealed that the real average of the two indicators of having environmental knowledge and awareness of laws and the natural environment is less than average (3). Findings on the t-test (two samples) showed that the average opinion of men on environmental knowledge indicators is higher than women and that there is a significant difference between men and women. The adjusted coefficient based on the regression test is 0.54. Obviously, the 0.54 changes in the environmental behavior of eco-tourists depend on individual and socio-economic factors. According to the results of the Pearson correlation test, there is a significant and strong relationship between the behavior and environmental attitudes of eco-tourists. In order to improve the environmental knowledge of eco-tourists, it is the researchers’ recommendation to establish visitor centers and hold training courses, seminars, etc., based on the age and sexual characteristics of the visitors. The best way to transfer the teachings is to use the means and materials of dissemination of knowledge, such as preparing brochures and short films and informing people through popular networks and social sites.

The uncertainty caused by environmental complexities has made it difficult to forecast the future of Tourism in Mashhad in terms of non-Muslim tourists visiting the city, about whom no sufficient information exists. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the trend of variations in the visits made to Mashhad by non-Muslim tourists using the scenario writing method. To this end, this applied study used the analytical-qualitative approach, collecting the required data through detailed in-person interviews. In this regard, twenty-seven interviews were made in three phases with tourism experts in such fields as sociology, economics, planning, and specialized tourism services. In the first phase, the factors involved in attracting non-Muslim tourists to Mashhad were identified according to the views offered by the experts in interviews using the Delphi technique. In the second phase, the critical driving forces were identified based on two criteria of effectiveness and uncertainty. Finally, the optimistic and pessimistic scenarios concerning the future of non-Muslim tourism in Mashhad were described. The study’s findings revealed that smartizing tourism, making connections between tourism in Mashhad and its neighboring cities, increasing the number of media advertisements, improving the hospitality culture, and promoting a sense of security in the visiting tourists were the most important driving forces at the local level. Therefore, the number of Mashhad’s non-muslim tourists could be increased within the study period by improving IT infrastructure (including electronic trading, and electronic banking), introducing neighboring cities and villages of Mashhad and their tourist attractions, offering instructions regarding hospitality (especially for taxi drivers, business and shop owners), creating tourism police, and providing security in high-trafficking urban places.

Agriculture is one of the most important economic sectors of the countries of the world and its role in economic, political and international development and stability is undeniable. Agricultural development is considered the most important priority in the national development programs of developing countries and is one of the most important and influential sectors in Iran's economy, which plays an important role in the political and economic independence of the country. In the country of Iran, the agricultural sector has an important position in the history of this country due to the comprehensive impact it has had in the field of solving economic-social challenges (providing independence and food security, creating employment, sustainable development and preserving the environment). It reveals the necessity of making new investments in this sector (Abdolahi, 1385: 169). . Therefore, paying attention to greenhouse production in terms of vegetables and summer herbs has become one of the most productive sectors in the marketing of agricultural products. Based on this, the present research aims to investigate the factors and limitations of the development of greenhouse crops in the rural areas of Jiroft city. For this purpose, the statistics of this research are 5 rural areas of Jiroft city, which in recent years have attracted a lot of attention from farmers and experts in this field due to the various greenhouse activities and having the necessary conditions for greenhouse export. . This research was of a descriptive-analytical type and the required data was collected by the survey method (questionnaire) and its distribution among 30 experts in the field of agriculture. In order to know the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats of greenhouse products marketing, SWOT strategic model was used and then with the help of QSPM matrix, the most important planning strategies and strategic management of marketing in the villages of the region were identified and prioritized. The results of the internal and external matrix showed that the areas of Jiroft city are in an aggressive position, which means having the maximum capability and ability to realize the desired vision. According to the results obtained from the quantitative evaluation matrix, the perspective considered for the marketing potential of greenhouse products of this region was included in 4 cases to realize the competitive position, the first priority with "the readiness of the region to invest and stabilize" It is the polar position of the region.

In recent decades, urban-rural relations in developing countries have undergone many changes compared to the past, and in some rural areas, it has led to changes in the appearance of areas, changes in the shape of houses, and changes in land use. In the meantime, capitals from cities have entered the villages, which has played an important role in rural development. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the role of urban financial capital in rural settlements of Sanbal-Abad village (tributary of Abhar city).

The type of applied research and the method used was descriptive-analytical and field based on completing the questionnaire, statistical methods (one-sample t-test and multivariate regression) and Vicor model were used to analyze the data.Findings/

The findings of the one-sample t-test showed that there is a significant relationship between all the components, which indicates the positive effects of financial capital in rural development. For all the components, the average was evaluated higher than numerical desirability (3). The results of the regression fitting model showed that the entry of capital into rural areas with a significance level of 0.715 explains the relationship between independent and dependent variables in the study area. Finally, the results of Vicor model showed that the spatial analysis of the distribution of villages in indicators (services, industry, infrastructure and agriculture) shows a significant difference. So that Sanbal Abad village with a rank of 0.005 is the highest and Shalwar village with a rank of (1) due to the lack of communication infrastructures and geographical isolation has the lowest rank in terms of having the amount of financial capital originating from the city. Among the villages, they have allocated the case.

Today, ecological footprint is mentioned as an indicator for evaluating human activities in environmental issues. This index is a method promoted by the Global Ecological Footprint Network to measure the human demand on natural capital needed to support people or the economy. Therefore, the ecological footprint measures both the supply of natural resources and human demand in the environment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ecological footprint in the top tourist destination countries that have faced many changes in the number of tourists in the last decade. Data from the World Bank and Global Footprint Network databases have been used for the past 24 years (1995-2019) for this research. The statistical analysis of the variables shows that the amount of ecological footprint in China, Mexico, Turkey and France is equal to 6.63, 3.31 respectively; 3.22 and 3.11 and the lowest amount of ecological footprint is in England and Italy with an average of 1.45 and 1.99. There is the highest correlation (R=729) between economic growth and ecological footprint. In addition, based on multivariate regression analysis, a strong correlation (R=0.75) has been estimated between the independent variable (tourism development) and the dependent variable (ecological footprint).

In the present paper the effect of factors such as the time of the year and the season, on the number of domestic and foreign tourists visiting the Sultaniyeh Dome in the Zanjan province located in the north east of Iran from 2004 to 2015 are fit in the form of regression equations The Sultaniyeh Dome that is located in the Zanjan province is the 3rd highest dome of the world with the height of 48.5 meters. The data used in this study is related to 30684 foreign and 1455619 domestic tourists collected by Zanjan Province's Cultural Heritage and Handicrafts Organization in Iran. The surveyed data in this study involves 30684 foreign tourist and 1455619 domestic tourists that were collected by the Zanjan Province's Cultural Heritage and Handicrafts of tourism Organization. Fitting of the data to regression equations was carried out by using the SAS 2014 (Statistical Analysis System) on an IBM PC. Estimation of the annual and seasonal trend of the number of tourists was done by using the coefficient of determination of the number of tourists. The results of the study showed that the average trend of the number of foreign tourists is 269+63 and its growth has a coefficient of determination of 0.64 (p<0.05).‌

Rural development areas has faced many structural and functional challenges from the past until now, and various strategies have been proposed by the scientific community. One of these strategies, which has played an effective role in the livability of rural areas in the world, is the prosperity and development of tourism. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of tourism development on the livability of rural areas in Tarom County. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and library and field methods (questionnaire) have been used to collect information. The statistical population of this research is 10 tourist villages of Tarom County which were selected based on the report of the Cultural Heritage and Handicrafts Organization of the province. 337 households have been estimated to select the sample size using the Cochran's formula and to analyze the data using quantitative methods based on descriptive (mean) and inferential statistics (single sample t, multivariate regression and path analysis) and TOPSIS model (In order to compare the studied villages in terms of viability). Used. The results of this study show that in terms of tourism development indicators and the livability of rural areas, it has been in a favorable situation. It can also be said that the effects of tourism development on the livability of rural areas is about 69% positive. So that the most impact is related to the physical dimension with a total impact factor of 0.321 and the economic dimension with a total impact factor of 0.229 and the lowest effects are related to the environmental dimension with a total impact factor of 0.091.

In recent years, attention has been paid to the participation of rural women in rural management. However, the entry of women into the field of rural management faces a significant delay. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to analyze the barriers of rural women's tendency to participate in rural executive management in the villages of Zanjan County.  Documentary and field methods were used for the descriptive and analytical study to collect data. The statistical population of this research were two levels of local people (319 sample people) and local managers (26 people). The results of Friedman's test showed that from local people’s perspective, institutional and organizational barriers with an average rank of 3.32 and economic and financial barriers with an average rating of 2.72 were the highest and lowest causes. On the other hand, analyzing the local managers’ ideas showed that institutional and organizational barriers with an average rating of 3.47 and informational and communication barriers with 2.57 are the most and least causes of women's non-participation in village management. The results of the factor analysis test showed that, from local people’s point of view, there are individual and personality factors, social and cultural environment, institutional, organizational, informational, communicational and economic factors and from the point of view of local managers, there are social and cultural environment factors, individual and personality, institutional and organizational factors. Informational and communicational and financial factors were the most important barriers. The results showed that there were many barriers in the tendency of rural women to participate in the executive management of villages.

Addressing basic human needs and responding to them is a strategy that is determined by the community itself and is created through cross-sectoral collaborations. These needs encompass different dimensions of individuals' individual, psychological, social and biological needs. Because of their basic function, villages provide for many of the individual and collective needs of the rural community, they are characterized by a dynamic and permanent change in social, economic, physical and spatial dimensions. Such activities require spaces that motivate and bring people together to achieve social solidarity through "face-to-face dialogue and relationships" (Roumiani et al., 2019: 136).TheoreticalThe importance of tourist attraction spaces in the world is not only due to recreational-economic values, but also due to its environmental importance, which tourists, including women, pay particular attention to (Hosseini et al., 2013: 52-53). Thus, in the academic field, the study of the status of women in tourism has recently received the attention of scholars; it has opened the ground for extensive research in the world. Following the importance of the above topic, the present study investigates the views of tourist women from tourism destination of Sharghi Rudpi Village of Sari County with the aim of considering their attitude in tourist attraction spaces. Tourists, including women, because tourist women, often referring to family-based or group-based tourism destinations, have relatively different views and beliefs about the factors that underlie development, have long welcomed this area. They have tourism.

This study aimed to analyze women's attitudes and expectations about rural tourism attractions. The type of research is therefore applied and descriptive-analytical in nature and method. In conducting the research, firstly, information on the subject and area was collected from books, documents, journals, baseline maps, and statistics and then required data through field studies including observation, questionnaires, demographic characteristics and characteristics of women tourists. it placed. Therefore, in order to examine women's attitudes and expectations of Rural Tourism Attraction Areas from three criteria (pleasure, comfort and protection as described in Table (1)), design and compile a Likert spectrum questionnaire (very low1, 5 = very high) design and have been evaluated. To assess the validity of the questionnaire, the experts were first provided with validity, the validity of the research instrument was measured, and the final indices and items were extracted. The questionnaire developed at this stage was pre-tested in the study area. Descriptive (mean, standard deviation, variance) and inferential statistics (Friedman's sample t test) were used for data analysis. The peasants, who were considered for each period of 2018-2019, determined the statistical population of this study. So that the villagers mentioned the inflow rate of all the tourists, of which one third of the tourists were reserved for women. Therefore, the sample size was determined using Cochran formula with error of 0.07. The sample size of this method was calculated 195 questionnaires and in some villages was increased to 10 samples due to the small sample size, to determine a total of 208 questionnaires. Cronbach's alpha method in SPSS software was used to evaluate the validity (with access to various internal and external sources) and its reliability in compiling and compiling the questionnaire. The results are listed as 0.885 for attitude and expectation indexes, respectively.

In recent decades, the development of tourism activities in tourist attraction spaces - one of the important factors in the transformation of rural settlements - has attracted a great deal of attention, especially from women tourists. These activities have led to profound and fundamental changes in the provision of various socio-economic, cultural, environmental and physical dimensions in the areas of tourism attraction in rural areas.At the same time, focusing on the quality of tourism attractions and their livelihoods, the continuity of rural life and its dubious desire to attend and visit the attractions of inter-rural life alternatives. In the current study, indicators and criteria of attitude and expectations of female tourists were identified and then the status of indicators in the villages was evaluated. Past studies and theoretical foundations have been used to accurately identify women's attitudes and expectations from tourism-focused spaces, and a set of 13 (sports; environmental landscape; local events; healthcare; communication and reflection; facilities; equipment; commercial; Visual locations; adverse weather conditions; safety, security, and information) the indicator is obtained as a theoretical framework for research. The findings of the study showed that the protective variables group with a mean rating of 2.37, the comfort group with a mean of 2.18 and the pleasure group with a mean of 1.45 had the highest attention to women needs. Tourism is very important in public spaces and it is necessary to provide the opportunity to strengthen these spaces in rural areas. The results of single sample t test showed that there is a significant level for all indices. In the visual quality indices with mean of 4.39 and adverse weather conditions with 4.38 had the highest mean. However, the average of the surveyed indicators is very high from the perspective of tourism women and expect to meet the basic needs of tourists such as accommodation, resorts, awareness and information and security in rural tourism attractions.Azani Mehri and Zal, Hoda (2011), Women's Tourism, Opportunities and bottlenecks from the Islamic perspective, Journal of Geographical Information (Sepehr) Volume 20, No. 78, pp. 69-64.Afarakht, Hassan, Rahnamaie, Mohammad Tafi, Tahmasebi, Asghar and Aiman Gheshlagh, Siavash (2016), Analysis of Spatial Inequalities in Tourism Resources Development (Case Study, Ardabil Province), Journal of Tourism and Development, Fifth Year, No. 7, Pages 128-107.Tavaji, Masood and Safarabadi, Azam (2011), Urban Tourism Management with Emphasis on Planning Attractive Urban Spaces, Case Study of Kermanshah,Jahanbin, Reza (2016), Investigation and Analysis of Tourism Development Factors from the Viewpoint of Women Tourists in Dare Shahr City, Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies, Fifth Year, No. 19, pp. 88-75.Hababi, Leila & Nikpour, Amer (2017), Occupation of Nice Women Attitudes to Formation of Tourism-Leisure Spaces for Women, Case Study: Amol Women Park, Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, Vol. 6, No. 21, p. 115-96.

Today, the planning and foresight of sustainable tourism development has attracted the attention of many policymakers, sociologists and planners around the world, to provide the future of sustainable tourism development in economic, social and environmental dimensions. The purpose of this study is to plan and plan for the sustainable development of tourism in Khuzestan province. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, it is a combination of documentary and survey methods. The statistical population of this study is 40 experts who have sufficient knowledge and experience in the tourism sector. To analyze the data and information, Delphi model was used in Micmac futurism software and Wizard scenario. The results showed that with 2 repetitions of the data rotation, the obtained filling index is equal to 93.71%, which indicates the high coefficient of influence of the variables and the selected factors on each other. Also, based on the calculated value of 1283, 346 items with the highest volume had the highest direct impact on other research indicators. Therefore, according to the data of research analysis, the most desirable scenario is scenario one, which is a set of specialized management index, water and climate conditions, media, transportation network, welfare and reception services and Appropriateness includes cost.

Therefore, according to this issue, the present study seeks to analyze and evaluate the role of Khorramabad as a regional economic and demographic core in the sustainable development of the surrounding villages using structural analysis and scenario-based approach. The sample was selected from 30 experts and researchers in the field (15 experts in the field of urban issues and 15 experts in the field of rural issues). MICMAC software was used to analyze the data, and Morphol software was used to formulate the scenarios. Out of five thousand scenarios with validity, ten scenarios with high inertia were selected. Among these ten scenarios, two scenarios with the highest probability of occurrence and a high frequency of 90% were analyzed. Finally, the results showed that the city of Khorramabad could not have a significant impact on the sustainable development of the surrounding villages in the current and future situation (based on scenarios). The number of critical scenarios with frequency 8 equals the optimal scenario with frequency 8. Weakness in health care, lack of proper planning for tourism capacity utilization, lack of funds and validities, infrastructureto implement rural development plan programs due to lack of funding are evident in the lack of sustainable development of these villages in the scenarios. It is clear, however, that if the city of Khoramabad has a positive growth as an economic and demographic center of the region in terms of sustainable development indicators, it will have an impact on the sustainable development of these villages.

Spatial planning and sustainable development of tourism, due to having a common goal, for the concept of planning as organizing the future life of societies with regulations and designing social and economic relations in the future and careful use of physical space in order to achieve human welfare without destroying the environment, are considered as a kind of philosophical confluence. purpose of this study was to provide a Pattern for sustainable development of rural tourism destinations with spatial planning approach in the east of Mazandaran province. For this purpose, to present the research model, 14 indicators were identified using 14 indicators to investigate the spatial planning status of sustainable development of tourism among the four cities of the province. necessary data were collected through field visits by a questionnaire.The results show that spatial planning dimensions and indicators are effective in explaining the sustainable development of rural tourism destinations. The selected indicators, according to the conditions and requirements of rural areas, can be tested and operational at the level of similar villages. Therefore, the most important factor in the spatial planning process of sustainable development of rural tourism destinations in the first step is recognition of location capacities (environmental and physical) including diversity of natural attractions, quality of attractions, location of attractions, human (socio-cultural) dimension including cultural and political, participation of local people and education, activity dimension (functions) including accommodation services, catering, distribution of services and information, investment, employment and income.

ivelihoods and finally the forces and factors influencing the environment and socio-economic trends affecting their formation. In such a way that it has become one of the main elements of the center of one's life. Therefore, one of the factors that can play an important role in the development and physicality of rural housing is microcredit. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the satisfaction of villagers receiving housing foundation facilities from the quality of housing units in the study area. The type of applied research is the descriptive-analytical method used and field and library methods have been used to collect information. The statistical comprehensive of this research includes 889 people who have benefited from receiving loans in the period of 1384-1383. According to the modified Kokuan formula, 110 questionnaires have been distributed among the borrowers to establish the principle of justice among all of them. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, variance) and inferential statistics based on t-test (single sample, correlation) and Vikor model were used. Findings showed that receiving a loan from the Rural Housing Foundation has been able to provide a significant impact on rural housing units. Also, nonparametric analysis of the correlation between the six criteria in the studied villages shows that there is a direct relationship between these indicators. Thus, with the increase of the effect of each of the indicators considered in the research, other indicators and their effects also show an increasing trend. has the highest rank and the villages of Arhan and Koohzin with the rate of (0.96) and (0.64) have the lowest rank in terms of the effectiveness of receiving housing foundation loans among the villages in the study area.

Spatial planning is one of the approaches that can be effective in different economic, social, cultural, environmental and political aspects of tourism and as a system dominate the region and be considered as a basic strategy. The present study seeks to evaluate the spatial planning indices of sustainable development of rural tourism destinations in the east of Mazandaran province. The purpose of this study was descriptive-analytic and questionnaire was used and its validity was confirmed by (sources reviewed, university professors). Data were analyzed using statistical tests (one sample t-test, Pearson correlation, multivariate regression and path analysis). The findings of the study showed that economic and social variables are in relatively good condition. Fitting the regression model shows that 53% of the dependent variable changes are explained by the independent variable. From the viewpoint of locals and tourists at the level of (0.05) there is a significant relationship in all variables. From the experts' point of view, there is a significant relationship between all dimensions of activity and location except for human dimension, with all dimensions used. Therefore, the first hypothesis is rejected for the three groups studied and the second hypothesis is confirmed.

Tourism planning is one of the approaches that has been effective in various dimensions of economic, social, cultural, environmental and political tourism in recent decades, and as a system, dominates the tourism spaces of a region and provides grounds for Wise management of space, human beings and activity. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study and analyze the situation of rural areas based on the spatial planning of tourism in eastern Mazandaran province. The type of research was applied and field data was used to collect data. GIS was used to analyze the information and rank the villages using statistical methods and the WASPAS model. The statistical population of this study is 21 tourist destination villages in three groups of locals, tourists and experts. The findings of the t single-sample statistics indicate the significance level of tourism spatial planning indicators of the village in the studied area. Also, the highest ranking among locals, tourists and experts belonging to the village of al-Taepah (Abbasabad) with Qi is equal to 0.856, and in the second place, the village of Shahid-Abad with Qi is 129.9 and in the third place of the village Niall with Qi is equal to 126.0. Thai villages with Qi equal to 0.101, the village of Orab with Qi is 103.03 and Lmorsk with Qi is equal to 105.0.

Developing rural tourism based on the development of sustainable tourism and turning tourism into an economic engine for the region to develop rural areas is one of the most important issues requiring the adoption of logical and strategic strategies in accordance with regional and local capabilities and with planning orientation. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to develop the rural tourism destinations in the east of Mazandaran province, considering the spatial dimensions (human, activity, space), and the dimensions of sustainable development (economic, social, cultural, and environmental). This study is descriptive-analytical and the related data collected based on documentary analysis, surveying and field studies. The statistical sample of the study included 10 experts from the Organization of Cultural Heritage and Handicrafts of Tourism of the province and 21 dignitaries. The SOAR analysis technique was used to develop a strategy for developing and explaining the strengths, opportunities, aspirations and measurable results. The results of the study showed that stakeholders' most important strategies are holding conferences and meetings-the development of investment in rural tourism along with strengthening the physical infrastructures and eliminating the problems associated with environmental barriers (topography, slope and height) of tourism sites.

The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of Crisis Management local managers to reduce vulnerable before the earthquake the rural Settlements in the study area is. And seek to answer these questions, whether in terms of local management and reduce earthquake vulnerable villages in the study area, there is a significant relationship? Whether in terms of local management and reduce earthquake vulnerable villages in the study area, there is a significant relationship? Research Methodology The cross-correlation method based on field studies and applied research type. The population of the investigation, including Gilo district is the city functions Tarom With 3185 households in 1390, based on the revised formula Cochrane total of 155 questionnaires were randomly distributed between households and has been completed. To analyze the data descriptive and inferential statistics (t single sample and Pearson, Pearson's chi-square test and compromise) and to assess the level of knowledge management in terms of spatial distribution in rural areas Vaykor model is used. Findings Research findings showed that the majority of the variables, except for the third variable (the executive body of programs, information on events and vulnerabilities village of the region based on knowledge of local managers have been used in the prevention of earthquake. The results showed that among all other factors lower than average utility (3), respectively. And lower than average level of knowledge of local managers. The tests also showed that the level of favorability numbers is significant and the difference is negative.

The experiences of past decades in countries around the world show that attention to the tourism sector is one of the most important economic and communication sectors of governments. Governments have implemented various policies to promote tourism and its sub-sectors at national, regional and local levels. The purpose of this study is a comparative analysis of Iranian Tourism Spatial Planning with Turkey, Serbia, and Portugal to use their experiences to reduce weaknesses and improve tourism development including rural tourism. This is fundamental research and the method used in this study is a comparative qualitative analysis based on the content analysis method. Library studies (documents) were used for data gathering. The research findings show that Turkey, Serbia, and Portugal succeed in spatial tourism planning by adapting programs and building convergence and partnerships between the spatial planning department at different national, regional and local (rural) levels. Tourism development has taken the lead - facilitating role, and taking strategic roles into account by empowering states in their legal plans and policies for tourism development. But at the national level, Iran is having problems because of the attitude and thinking of centralized planning and a partial attitude to the plans. At the regional level, there are problems such as lack of independence and the legal and political authority of regional managers in tourism programs. At the local level, there are problems (such as lack of legal authority to the local representative and lack of strategic participation) in the spatial planning of rural tourism destinations. One of the applications of this study is comparing the strength of the countries under study with Iran and then utilize all social resources, including human, economic and spatial and environmental resources. This approach helps to constitute a regional planning subdivision within a network of rural tourism destinations. And make vertical allocations in the field of tourism development to horizontal activities, which are an incentive for attracting tourists, managing and optimizing the implementation of the Rural Tourism Development Plan. On this basis, by orienting toward sustainable rural development, rural tourism can underpin regional development and form the indigenous and community-based tourism.

In the last few years in rural areas of the country, women's attention to urbanization has given them a new attitude, and has accompanied them with intellectual changes in values, norms, customs and demographic behavior. It has set the stage for changes in their lifestyles and given them a certain orientation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatial links and lifestyle of elderly women in dynasty Selsaleh. The method used is descriptive-analytical and the method and tools of data collection in the theoretical study is library and the field study is done through questionnaire and observation. Spss software was used for data analysis. The statistical population of this study is 10 villages of Selsaleh County that 166 women were selected as sample by Cochran formula and distributed randomly. The results showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between spatial linkage components and lifestyle components; therefore, the components of change in clothing, clothing and fashion have the highest mean (3.90) and the mean (3.85) respectively. Therefore, spatial links have provided the basis for changing women's lifestyle in economic, social, cultural, and environmental dimensions in the study areas.

Exact and multi- directional investigation of economical, social and cultural problems and better recognition of society needs and their improvement, are essential to balances and equilibrium development of geographical spaces. Hence Health and cure services as one of main components of development has been created in line with society needs and their improvement. Purposes of this study is to investigate spatial system damages and locating pattern of cure and health land uses across 22- region on Tehran city. The present research is implicational and analytic- descriptive method has been used. Library and field studies have been used to collect data. ArcGIS program has been used to analyze data so that it can provide better locating based on the population of under investigation region and the way of accessing to clinical – health services. Therefore, the findings of the research show there are much differences among urban regions regarding accessibilities to health and clininical indices from one hand, lach of good planning for health land use in 22- region in Tehran and lack of spatial equibilium and accessibilities for regions which are uneven from the other hand. So, it is necessary to pay much attention to decrease of differences in clinical and health services of urban regions. Therefore, applied strategies are presented to get out of these problem in order to improve the condition and distribution of clinics in the different regions.

Public places in villages are belonging to all the people and they are built to provide needs of having relationship among people. That’s why nowadays these kinds of places must have a great role in planning of rural areas and by that they would be able to improve the level of happiness and wealth among people in all economic, social, cultural and environmental aspects. Therefore, the main abject of this project would be analyzing the needs of the people from this kind of public places in the study area. Research method is of descriptive-analysis based on field research and observations and it’s a functional project. Statistic community is habitants of Dehdasht gharbi of kohkilouye province which includes over 1460 households in the region. Among these 1460 families we chose randomly 226 samples using Cochran formula with 0.06 percent risk of error. For analyzing data, we have used freedman and correlation tests. The results of the freedman showed that indicators; comfort, pleasure and conservation have allocated themselves the most part of the periodization with amounts of 7.26, 4.90 and 3.78 respectively. On the other hand, results of the multiple regression tests showed that most of the correlation is between environmental skeletal and social vitality with amount of 0.372 and 0.275 respectively and these indicators have had great influence on other indicators as well.