جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « پسوریازیس » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Psoriasis is a common skin disease that presents with papulosquamous lesions (scaly papules and plaques) and can have psychological and physical consequences. Due to the anti-inflammatory role of vitamin D, studies have been conducted on the relationship between serum levels of this vitamin and psoriasis. In recent years, conflicting results have been obtained, all of which emphasize the importance of investigating this issue. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels and psoriasis.

We conducted a case-control study with psoriasis patients from Vasei Hospital's dermatology clinic and healthy people from Sabzevar Blood Transfusion Center in Iran. Patients with chronic psoriasis (more than 6 months) aged 18 to 65 years were included in the study regardless of the type of psoriasis. This study had a sample size of 177 people (88 cases, and 89 controls). The data collection methods were a questionnaire and blood samples. In both groups, the amount of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D was measured by ELISA method.

This study recruited 177 individuals: 78 (44.10%) males and 99 (55.90%) females. The mean age in the case group was 36.95±13.30 and in the control group, it was 21.34±12.60 years. The mean vitamin D levels had no significant difference between the case (19.68±13.60) and the control groups (21.34±12.60) (P>0.05).

The findings of this study showed that there was no significant difference in vitamin D levels between the case group and the control group, which did not support the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency is associated with psoriasis.

Background and

Psoriasis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease with major skin involvement. Calcipotriol as a vitamin-D analogue is one of the common drugs for topical treatment of psoriasis. Local drug delivery, due to higher concentration of drug at the sites of inflammation, is more effective and causes fewer systemic side effects. Limited skin penetration and durability of common topical formulations reduce the efficacy of treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with calcipotriol on local drug delivery.

In the present study, which is an interventional in vivo study, Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (SLN) was prepared by melting method and mixed with semi-solid base (cream). Then the effectiveness of the final formulation was investigated on the psoriasis model induced by imiquimod 5% in BALB/c mice. Three groups were included in this investigation: negative control (no treatment), positive control (conventional calcipotriol cream), and SLN (SLN cream with calcipotriol).

The results of the present study showed that, the SLN cream significantly reduced inflammatory scores compared to the other two groups on day five (P<0.0001). In addition, drug loading into SLN significantly increased the rate of healing and reduced inflammation.

This study showed that calcipotriol loading with SLN can improve the quality and the rate of treatment of skin lesions caused by psoriasis.

The present study aims to assess the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with psoriasis referring to Razi Hospital.

Participants were assessed for demographic characteristics, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), disease duration, place of residence, education level, and were also evaluated using the Stop-Bang and Berlin questionnaires to assess the risk of obstructive sleep apnea. The high and low-risk groups for obstructive sleep apnea were compared regarding these parameters.

Based on the Stop-Bang criteria, 43 individuals (41.3%) had moderate risk, and 23 individuals (22.1%) had high risk of obstructive sleep apnea. According to the Berlin questionnaire, 48 individuals (46.2%) were at high risk for obstructive sleep apnea. The mean age of individuals with high risk of obstructive sleep apnea according to the STOP-BANG criteria was significantly higher than those with moderate risk (mean=58.3, standard deviation=10.6, compared to mean=48.1, standard deviation=16.1, P = 0.039) and low risk (mean=41.7, standard deviation=17.8, P< 0.001). Additionally, BMI differed significantly among the three groups based on the Stop-BANG criteria, with higher BMI observed in individuals at higher risk for obstructive sleep apnea (P<0.05). BMI was significantly higher in individuals with high risk of obstructive sleep apnea according to the Berlin criteria compared to those with low risk (mean 31.1 versus mean 26, P<0.001).

The findings of this study highlight obstructive sleep apnea as a comorbidity associated with psoriasis.

The association of leptin with psoriasis is currently controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum leptin levels in patients with psoriasis and its relationship with the severity of the disease.

In this case-control study, serum leptin levels were measured in 40 patients with psoriasis and 40 age- and gender-matched healthy controls by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The severity of psoriasis was assessed by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.

Of 40 patients, 35 (87.5%) had plaque psoriasis, 3 (7.5%) had palmo-plantar, and one of the remaining two patients had erythrodermic psoriasis while the other one had a pustular type. The mean disease severity based on PASI was 10.2 with a range of 0.8 to 39.9. The most common sites of involvement were generalized (27.5%), upper and lower extremities together (20.0%), lower extremities alone (15%), and trunk and lower extremities (15%) in descending order. Leptin was higher in the patient group than the control group (19.2±16.3 ng/ml versus 15.5±16.1 ng/ml) (P=0.227). The correlation between leptin and body mass index was positive and significant in both groups. No significant relationship was found between the severity and duration of disease and leptin.

The findings of this study showed that similar to most studies, serum leptin levels were higher in patients with psoriasis than in healthy subjects, and in obese people, this difference was greater than in normal-weight individuals

Psoriasis is a systemically pathogenic immune-mediated, chronic inflammatory disease that mostly affects the skin. Ocular diseases, which are frequently nonspecific or just slightly bothersome in psoriasis, are not well-known. This study investigated ocular manifestations in patients with psoriasis.

This cross-sectional study was conducted at Bu-Ali Sina hospital in Sari, Iran. Seventy-five patients with psoriasis matched by age and sex with 75 non-psoriatic controls were examined. Dermatology life quality index (DLQI) and psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores were calculated for every patient with psoriasis. Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) was measured in both groups. We did a slit-lamp examination, Schirmer I test, tear breakup time (TBUT) and fundoscopy in both groups.

The mean age of patients was 40.11±13.88 years. The most common findings on our examinations were conjunctival hyperemia (38%), blepharitis (36%), MGD (33%), and pinguecula (26%). MGD and low TBUT were more common in patients with higher PASI and DLQI scores. OSDI score was also higher in patients with psoriasis.

Ocular surface conditions such as dry eye were more common among the participants and were correlated with duration and severity of the disease. Therefore, psoriasis patients should get frequent and routine eye exams to detect ocular disorders quicly and avoid their unintended effects.

Psoriasis patients treated with immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs are at higher risk of infections, also infections can trigger psoriasis. The aim of this study is to investigate the rate of COVID-19 infection with different severity of symptoms in psoriasis patients treated with immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the summer of 2021 in the Isfahan city. The studied population consisted of psoriasis patients with electronic medical records in Siddiqa Tahereh Medical Center and Al-Zahra Hospital. During phone calls with patients, duration of psoriasis disease, drug used, dose of drug used, history of COVID-19 infection, disease severity (hospitalization, death) and recurrence or exacerbation of psoriasis after COVID-19 infection, were investigated.

38% of psoriasis patients treated with immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs were infected with COVID-19, 75% were outpatients and 23.5% were hospitalized. In psoriatic patients, 39% of whom treated with Methotrexate (MTX), 40% of whom treated with Adalimumab, and 48% of whom treated with Infliximab mentioned a history of COVID-19 disease. In 22% of patients, the recurrence of psoriasis following COVID-19 was observed. The most history of infection with COVID-19 was reported in psoriasis patients treated with Infliximab, Adalimumab, and MTX, respectively.

By suppressing the immune system and reducing its function, immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs can directly increase the chance of contracting COVID-19 and its severity.

Clinical route of many dermatologic diseases is due to the mutual and complex interactions between biological, psychological, and social causes that can affect them as predisposing, accelerating, or enduring factors. Psoriasis is one of the most common autoimmune skin diseases with psychosomatic origins and consequences, which is accompanied by vulnerability to stress, emotional disorders, and difficulty in expressing negative feelings. Many psoriasis sufferers have problems in how much they experience anger and how to express and control anger. Two components of D personality including, negative emotionality, social inhibition, and emotional ataxia seem to be important in psoriasis. Due to the neglect of clinical researches and organized attention to the investigation and improvement of the psychological factors of this disease, a more comprehensive explanation of the occurrence of this disease with a more targeted interaction and integration of medical and psychological perspectives is nessesary. Theorethical and practical conjunction between dermatologists, psychologists and psychiatrics in the interdisciplinary field of psychodermatology can lead to maintain higher health services for psoriatic patients as well as achieving scientific outcomes.

The impact of psoriasis is very high on the quality of patients’ life even when a very small area of the body is involved. Psoriasis patients have a lower quality of life than the general population. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on mental pain and life engagement in patients with psoriasis.

This study was a semi-experimental type with a pretest-posttest design and a one-month follow-up with the control group. The statistical population consisted of all patients referred to skin and hair clinics in Boroujerd, Iran, in 2021, who received a definite diagnosis of psoriasis. Among these, 54 patients whose depression rate was higher than the cut-off point were selected through non-random sampling and were replaced in an experimental group (receiving ACT) and a simple random control group (18 in each group). Afterward, eight 90-min sessions of ACT were performed in the experimental group. Data were collected using mental pain (OMMP; Orbach et al., 2003) and life engagement (Hasanzadeh, 2014) questionnaires, as well as the Beck depression inventory (Beck, 1996). Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (version 22) and through repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.

The results showed that ACT was effective on mental pain (P<0.01, F=31.53) and life engagement (P<0.01, F= 54.08) of patients with psoriasis, which continued until the follow-up stage.

It can be concluded that ACT was effective in reducing mental pain and increasing life engagement in patients with psoriasis. It is suggested to use this treatment to reduce the psychological problems of patients with psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with an immunogenetic background that is prevalent among ethnic groups. The prevalence of this disease varies from region to region; and it is reported to affect 2-4% of the population in Western countries. While in Asian and some African countries, the lowest prevalence rate (between 0.3 to 1.2% in China) has been reported. On the other hand, in the Scandinavian and Caucasian populations, this rate reaches 11%. In Iran, its prevalence is between 1.3% to 2.5% (1-3, 5, 7). IL-10 is a cytokine produced primarily by monocytes and lymphocytes. The gene encoding IL-10 is located on the long arm of chromosome 1. The promoter region is highly polymorphic, with 3-point mutations including: single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at positions: –1082 (G/A), –819 (C/T) and –592 (C/A) (4, 12, 13, 14). The association between interleukin-10 gene rs1800896 polymorphism and susceptibility to psoriasis has been investigated in several studies, but with contradictory findings. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible links between –1082(G/A) polymorphism of the IL-10 gene and psoriasis in cases from the north of Iran. The results of this study can be used to find biomarkers that are used in personal medical science for the early diagnosis of diseases and are highly regarded by the scientific community today.

This case-control study was performed on 50 patients and 35 healthy individuals in the west of Mazandaran and east of Guilan province. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples and genotyping was performed by means of the amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method. This method is based on the design of specific pairs of allele primers and the amplification of the desired allele. To amplify the region containing the mutation, two primer pairs can be used, designed for mutated alleles and natural alleles, respectively. All primers used were designed using Gene Runner and Oligo7 software based on the IL-10 gene sequence on chromosome 1. After selecting the primers, their sequences were compared with the sequences of the human genome in the Gene Bank database. In the primer design, in addition to the 3′ terminal mismatch, at the third end of 3′ primers, a base was changed to ensure that the primer did not bind to the opposite allele.The results were validated using the DNA sequencing method. To perform this reaction, a vial containing 25 µl of Master Mix, 2µl of each primer; and 5 µl of DNA was used and reached to 50µl by adding 16µl of distilled water. The mix was then placed in a thermocycler with a annealing binding temperature of 61.5 ° C to perform the polymerase chain reaction. After PCR, qualitative analysis was performed using 2.5% agarose gel; and the rest of the PCR products with Reverse primer were sent to taq-Copenhagen (Denmark) for PCR Sequencing. The submitted sequence analysis was performed using Chromas software and the known mutations in the samples were confirmed. Data were analyzed using the chi-squared test. A logistic regression test was used to eliminate the effect of possible interfering factors and odd ratios (OR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

AA, AG, and GG genotypes and A and G alleles were examined in patients with psoriasis. The genotypic distribution of the patient and control groups was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. PCR products were analyzed on 2.5% agarose gel using a DNA marker with a molecular weight of 100 bp. The results of statistical studies showed that the studied groups did not differ significantly in terms of gender and age. The frequency percentages of AA, AG and GG genotypes were 82%, 18% and 0% in the control group and 56%, 32% and 12% in the patient group, respectively. This difference is significant at the level of 0.05 (p = 0.014). Also, the frequency of A and G alleles in the control group were 91% and 9%, respectively, and in the patient group were 72% and 28%, respectively. Therefore, this difference is significant at the level of 0.05 (p = 0.002).The results showed that there is a significant difference in the frequency of alleles between the two groups; so the G allele is detected more in people with psoriasis than healthy group and in terms of genotypic distribution, the GG genotype in the psoriasis group is more than the controls. Also, due to the fact that this significant difference may be related to interfering and in Fisher's exact test, these factors were not controlled, so logistic regression was used to remove these factors. The results showed that even after matching and eliminating the interfering factors, there were still significant differences between the genotypes. Therefore, a significant relationship is observed between rs 1800896 rs polymorphism of interleukin 10 gene and susceptibility to psoriasis.

We conclude that IL-10 gene polymorphism (rs 180096) is likely to increase the risk of susceptibility to psoriasis in western Mazandaran and eastern Gilan. According to various studies, it can be seen that one of the reasons for explaining the contradictory results could be that these studies have been conducted on different populations around the world. Another possible reason is that the regulation of IL-10 varies in different cell types (T cells, B cells, and macrophages) and with different stimuli. In addition, transcriptional levels and IL-10 protein levels may differ due to post-transcriptional regulation of IL-10 gene expression. Other causes of different results in the study of gene polymorphisms include different gene pools, molecular methods used; and the size of the study population. Using the right sample size for each type of disease phenotype can better reflect the true effect of the polymorphism on the characteristics of that disease (1, 13,15, 44). More research is needed focusing on different populations to reach a definitive overall conclusion about this relationship. Also; studies should be conducted in a larger group of patients as high as possible and on all polymorphisms of this gene in order to validate these findings.

Psoriasis is a chronic and inflammatory skin disease, which is has no definitive cure. Several microbial agents have been identified that have a role in the exacerbation of psoriasis, one of which is Staphylococcus aureus. Increased Methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains is a major problem worldwide. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil on MRSA strains isolated from skin lesions in patients with psoriasis.

In this study, participants were 140 patients with psoriasis referred to the dermatology and rheumatology clinic of Shariati Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Diagnostic tests including gram staining, catalase test, tube coagulase test, mannitol fermentation test, and deoxyribonuclease test were performed. To identify the phenotype of MRSA strains, methicillin susceptibility testing was performed using cefoxitin by disk diffusion method. The antimicrobial activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil was investigated by broth microdilution method and its minimum inhibitory concentration against MRSA strains was calculated.

Of 140 patients, 43.57% had infection with Staphylococcus aureus and 14.28% had MRSA infection. There was no significant relationship between gender, age and sampling area in patients with MRSA infection. The results showed that Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil had antimicrobial effects on MRSA strains.

The Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil can be a suitable alternative to antibiotics for the control and treatment of skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, influenced by genetic and immune-based factors that is associated with skin inflammation. Aloe vera gel is traditionally used to treat skin diseases including psoriasis. 

In this study, ethanolic extract of aloe vera gel was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity in skin-derived A431 cells. First, after preparing the extract and then the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using the extract, their effect on the expression of inflammatory genes as well as their antioxidant properties were investigated.  

The use of different concentrations of aloe vera extract caused a relative increase in EGFR and Nrf2 expression levels and decreased expression of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-6 inflammatory genes in A431 skin cells. But the effect of synthesized nanoparticles was greater than aloe vera extract in altering the expression of signaling and inflammatory genes.

The synthesized extracts and nanoparticles had antioxidant properties and also reduced the expression of inflammatory genes in cells. However, the effect of nanoparticles was much greater than that of extracts in reducing inflammatory genes.

Psoriasis is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disease that involves skin, joints and different organ systems. It is associated with Multiple morbidities such as cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Due to the high importance of the association between psoriasis and CKD which results in major side effects the aim of this study was to evaluation of CKD and associated factors in Psoriasis patients at Razi Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

This retrospective study was conducted as a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study to evaluate the frequency of CKD and associated factors in psoriatic patients admitted to the Razi Hospital whose last time of admission was from June 2018 to January 2019. According to the K/DOQI guideline, CKD is defined as the GFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m² during at least a period of three months. GFR was calculated based on the MDRD formula. The sample size was equal to 265. The hospital documents of inpatients who have been admitted to Razi Hospital wards or follow-up clinics during 2017-2019 were used for collecting information and data. This information has been extracted based on the initial checklist for data collection. Collected data has been analyzed and performed by using SPSS 25 software.

The study found that 18 (6.8%) of psoriasis patients had CKD. Patients were in the age range of 3.5-92 years, the majority of them were in the age range of 18.65–79.7 years. 171 (64.5%) patients were male and 94 (35.5%) were female. 41 (15.5%) patients had diabetes, 94 (35.5%) had hyperlipidemia and 41 (15.5%) had hypertension. History of NSAID, Methotrexate, Cyclosporine, Acitretin, Infliximab, and Adalimumab medication use among 9 (3.4%), 205 (77.4%), 56 (21.1%), 147 (55.5%), 30 (11.3%), and 28 (10.6%) patients were observed, respectively. Also, 54 (20.4%) had a history of phototherapy. 217 (81.9%) of the psoriatic patients had CPP (Chronic Plaque Psoriasis) and 48 (18.1%) had PP (pustular Psoriasis) and finally, 21 (7.9%) of the patients had psoriatic arthritis.

The prevalence of CKD was shown to increase by age. The other correlated factors are diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. On the other hand, there was not found any significant correlation between drugs (NSAIDs, Methotrexate, Cyclosporine, Acitretin, Infliximab, Adalimumab) and CKD prevalence. There was also no significant correlation between phototherapy, psoriasis type and psoriatic arthritis, duration of psoriasis and CKD prevalence.

Psoriasis has a wide range of mental health effects due to its clinical features and physical presentations. Psoriasis is associated with depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and negative body image. Body image includes a person's feelings about the characteristics and structure of the body. A negative body image is formed when a person experiences a negative evaluation or is ridiculed by others. High anxiety scores are always seen in patients with psoriasis. Depression is the most common mental disorder worldwide and is one of the major causes of disability. Psoriasis and depression reinforce each other. Many researchers have suggested a broader role for psychiatric and psychotherapeutic interventions to reduce the symptoms and severity of skin diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy and metacognitive therapy on body image concern, anxiety, and depression in psoriasis patients.

This research was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest design and a control group. The study's statistical population include all psoriasis patient referring to dermatology clinics in Razavi and Emam Reza (PBUH) hospitals in Mashhad City, Iran, in 2019. Of whom, 45 patients who obtained a higher score than the cut–off point in Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) (Littleton et al., 2005), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM–A) (Hamilton, 1959), and Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI–II) (Beck et al., 1996) were selected with available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 in behavioral activation therapy, 15 in metacognitive therapy) and one control group. The inclusion criteria were as follows: providing informed consent to receive psychological treatment, having psoriasis, being between 15 and 45 years old, and obtaining a score higher than the cut–off point in the mentioned measurement scales. The exclusion criteria were the patient's lack of consent to receive psychological treatment, absence of more than two sessions, and not answering the questionnaires completely. The experimental groups underwent behavioral activation and metacognitive therapy in 8 sessions during 2 months, while the control group received no intervention. The participants completed Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) (Littleton et al., 2005), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM–A) (Hamilton, 1959), and Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI–II) (Beck et al., 1996). Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (univariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test) were used to analyze the research data. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 26 at a significance level of less than 0.05.

After controlling the effect of the pretest, findings showed significant differences between the experimental groups and control group in body image concern (p<0.001), anxiety (p<0.001), and depression (p<0.001). There were no significant differences between the behavioral activation and metacognitive therapy groups in depression (p=0.821) and anxiety (p=0.192). Still, there was a significant difference between behavioral activation and metacognitive therapy in body image concern (p=0.047). Behavioral activation was more effective in body image concern.

According to the result, behavioral activation therapy and metacognitive therapy have a significant effect on reducing body image concern, anxiety, and depression in psoriasis patients. The use of these therapies by therapists seems essential. Also, the effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy in reducing body image concerns is more than metacognitive therapy.

Numerous studies have emphasized on the psychosomatic origin of psoriasis and shown that the inhibition of negative emotions can be considered as important primary causes or accelerator factors in its course. Our study conducted with a psychodermatologic approach to investigate the effects of Cognitive Behavioral Group therapy (CBGT) on anger aspects, clinical manifestations, and quality of life in patients suffering from psoriasis, and to find the relation of the changes of inner anger control and anger suppression with the changes of clinical manifestations. 

This quasi-experimental research was performed during October 2019 to February 2020 on 30 patients involved in cutaneous psoriasis in Mashhad. After obtaining informed consent, the patients divided into control and trial groups by randomized allocation. The State–Trait Anger Expression Inventory II (STAXI-II), dermatology life quality index (DLQI), and Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) were assessed for both groups at the beginning of study. The patients in both groups received classic medication by dermatologist prescription for 8 weeks, and 10 sessions of 90 minutes CBGT were performed just for 15 patients in the trial group. At the end of the study, STAXI-II, DLQI, and PASI were assessed again and the data were analysed. 

According to the results of this study, CBGT could significantly decrease the Feeling Angry, Anger Expression–In, and Anger Control–Out, and could meaningfully increase the Anger Control–In, improve the quality of life, and decrees the PASI Score in patients with psoriasis in comparison to the control group. Also a positive correlation was found between the changes of Anger Expression–In with changes in PASI Score, and a negative correlation was found between the changes of Anger Control–In with changes in PASI Score in all the participants.

These findings points out to the major effects of mind-body concerns in treatment of psoriatic patients and shows that the CBGT is an effective method to improve their psychological, physical and social health.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammation of the skin-immune system characterized by arterial erythematous plaques. Carotid artery intima measurement can be a tool for early detection of atherosclerosis in the pre-occlusion stage and has clinical signs.Material&

This case-control study was performed on 30 patients with psoriasis and 30 control people aged 20 to 60 years who referred to the dermatology clinic at 22 Bahman Hospital in Mashhad during 2018-2019 , sampling was performed by available method. After explaining the research process and obtaining patients informed concept, data was recorded in the checklist.Radiologist colleague of this study using ultrasound for a Carotid-Intima Media Thickness (CIMT) measurement. In this study of SPSS16 and statistical tests of Anova, Man Whitney, and Pearson were used to analyze the data.

CIMT was found in patients and the control group at 0.059 ± 0.51 and 0.047 ± 0.47 mm, respectively ( p value= 0.010). Pearson correlation coefficient did not report a significant relationship between mean CIMT in patients with age, sex and BMI.

Since CIMT has been reported to be significantly higher in patients with psoriasis, stricter control of other risk factors for atherosclerosis than others and stricter control of inflammation in these individuals are necessary.

Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease with skin and joint manifestations. This disease can be associated with ocular complications and reduce vision and quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and type of ocular involvement in patients with psoriasis to prevent unwanted complications by identifying the disease at the right time.

A cross-sectional study was carried out in 40 patients with psoriasis in Semnan Kowsar Clinic affiliated to Semnan University of Medical Sciences, 2019. The participants were selected via census sampling and underwent systemic and ophthalmic examination. Patients aging 10-80 years old with at least 6 months of disease onset were included.

The mean age of patients was 43.33 ± 17.05 years, and there were 17 (42.5%) males and 23 (57.5%) females. The ocular diseases included dry eye (57.5%), posterior blepharitis (50%), conjunctival hyperemia (27.5%), cataract (20%), and anterior uveitis (7.5%). The presence of ocular disease was found to be significantly associated with the duration of psoriasis (P = 0.03).

In this study, ocular surface diseases such as dry eye and posterior blepharitis were common in patients studied and were associated with the duration of psoriasis. Therefore, patients with psoriasis should undergo periodic and regular eye examinations to identify ocular diseases in a timely manner and prevent unwanted complications.

Psoriasis is a systemic and non-transmissible chronic inflammatory autoimmune skin disease that about 2-3% of Iranians suffer from it. Cost of management and budgeting and planning for the treatment of patients with psoriasis requires accurate information. The present study estimates the direct and indirect costs for one-year treatment of patients admitted in Razi Dermatology Hospital.

In this descriptive-analytical study, treatment costs of 170 patients with psoriasis, including direct (medical and non-medical) and indirect costs were evaluated by census method and using a researcher-made checklist, from October 2017 to October 2018. The fee was collected through reviewing patients' bills in the hospital information system and through telephone interviews with patients.

The average cost of one year was 9037480 Tomans ($ 758), of which direct cost of treatment was 90.22% (8178681 Tomans) and indirect cost of treatment was 9.78% (858799 Tomans). The highest cost of treatment was related to pharmaceutical services with 5825233 Tomans. Also, the total direct medical cost was equal to 7069890 Tomans, of which 62% was the insurance share and 38% was the patient share. The findings showed that injecting biological drugs and accommodation had a significant effect on the direct cost of treatment. Supplementary insurance and accommodation variables also affect out-of-pocket costs.

Drugs made up most of the costs. The high price of biologics and the low coverage of these drugs by insurance companies have caused many economic problems for these patients. According to the findings of this study, it seems necessary to review the more complete insurance coverage of these drugs as well as the use of charitable assistance to cover part of the cost for treatment.

Psoriasis is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases. About 37 to 50% of patients report exacerbation of symptoms following psychological stress. This study we done to determine the frequency of personality disorders in psoriatic patients in north of Iran.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 128 psoriatic patients referred to the dermatology clinic of Sayyad Shirazi Hospital and private clinics in Gorgan, north of Iran during 2019. Firstly severity of psoriasis was determined based on the PASI score (PASI: Psoriasis Area and Severity Index). Then, personality disorders were assessed using the Millon MCMI-III multivariate questionnaire.

The mean age of psoriasis patients was 40.84±12.91 years and the duration of the disease was 8.87±y7.62 ears.72.7% of patients were females. The prevalence of most personality disorders was histrionic (22.7%), depressive (6.3%) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (3.1%), respectively. There was a significant relationship between histrionic personality disorder, which was the most common personality disorder, with disease severity, education level and type of treatment (P<0.05). There was significant relationship between depressive personality disorder and level of education, gender, occupation and ethnicity (P<0.05).

The most common personality disorder in psoriatic patients was histrionic personality disorder.