abdolrasoul daneshjoo

The current study aimed to compare the upper limb performance (range of motion and Y balance test) of male and female CrossFit athletes and its relationship with scores from the functional movement screen (FMS), Davis test, and Dash test.

Forty-two male and female CrossFit athletes were included in this study based on specific criteria. Measurements were taken for internal and external rotation range of motion, right and left Y balance tests, FMS scores, Davis test results, and the degree of shoulder and hand functional disability (DASH). The normality of the data was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. As the data were not normally distributed, Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationships between variables. Additionally, the Mann-Whitney U test was employed to compare groups of men and women.

The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between external and internal rotation range of motion and the Y balance test of the right and left hands with FMS and Davis test scores in men (p ≤ 0.05). However, there was no significant relationship between external and internal rotation range of motion and the Y balance test of the right and left hands with Dash test scores (p > 0.05). For women, a significant positive correlation was observed between external and internal rotation range of motion and the Y balance test of the right and left hands with the FMS test (p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, a positive correlation was found between internal rotation range of motion and the Y balance test of the left hand with the Davis test (p ≤ 0.05). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between men and women in external rotation range of motion, Davis test, and Dash test results (p ≤ 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between men and women in other variables (p > 0.05).

Based on the study results and the relationship between FMS and Davis test scores with range of motion and Y balance test performance in male and female CrossFit athletes, these tests can be utilized to assess potential injury risk and predict injury likelihood in this population.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of one cycle of regular yoga exercises on body posture, fatigue severity, pain and trunk kinematics in girls with erectile dysfunction.

The present study was an applied study that was performed by quasi-experimental method with pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all girls aged 25-35 years living in Rasht with erectile dysfunction that 24 people were selected as a sample based on G-Power software based on entry and exit criteria in a targeted and accessible manner. An equal number (12 experimental and 12 control) were divided. The experimental group underwent Iangar yoga for 3 weeks each week for eight weeks, and the control group performed only their daily activities. Then, in order to measure the pre-test and post-test of the head-forward variables, dorsal kyphosis, lumbar lordosis from a flexible ruler, to measure fatigue severity from the MFIS fatigue questionnaire, for back pain from the visual pain intensity scale (vas) and to measure upper rotation Shoulder and shoulder protection by Diota (1990) method and the total shoulder protection on the dominant and non-dominant side was considered as the distance between the two shoulders. Data were analyzed using paired t-test at the significance level of P≥0.05.

The results of paired t-test showed a significant effect of eight weeks of yoga exercises on head forward reduction, dorsal kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, fatigue severity, low back pain, upper scapular rotation, scapular protrusion and distance between two scapulae (p≤ 0.001).

According to the research findings, it can be concluded that yoga exercises in girls with dorsal kyphosis and cervical and lumbar lordosis in order to strengthen the stabilizing muscles of the spine as well as strengthening the scapular retractor muscles and stretching the anterior chest muscles while reducing the kyphosis angle. Cervical and lumbar lordosis improves the position of the scapula and consequently increases the range of motion of the upper limb.

The purpose of this research was to compare the score of functional screening test in dentists with and without the complication of upper cross syndrome.

A number of 30 dentists (age 39.97±5.47 years and body mass index 23.71±1.82 kg/m2) voluntarily participated in this research, who were selected by available selective sampling method and they were divided into two groups of 15 people (group 1, simultaneously suffering from upper cruciate syndrome anomaly and group 2, without anomaly). Motor performance screening tests including deep squat, hurdle step, launch, rotational stability, push up stability, shoulder range of motion and active leg raising were measured in all participants. Also, the head and shoulder forward a(1)ngel and the kyphosis angel were measured to detect the mentioned abnormalities. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to normalize the data. To compare the demographic variables between two groups, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, to compare each of the FMS tests between two groups with and without upper cruciate syndrome, the non-parametric U-Man-Whitney test, and if the distribution of the results is normal, from Parametric independent t test was used. Also, independent parametric t-test was used to compare the overall scores of FMS tests. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS version 16 software at a significance level of 0.05.

Test scores of deep squat (P=0.003), launch (P=0.001), shoulder range of motion (P=0.000) and rotational stability (P=0.001) between two groups with and without deformities There was a significant difference in forward head and shoulder and kyphosis. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the test of stepping over the obstacle (P=0.397), active leg raising (P=0.133) and push up endurance (P=0.143). Discusion: From the results and discussions of this research, it can be concluded that the spine acts as a chain. So that the change in the curvature in any part of it can also change its muscle structure; This means that the muscles in that area can be weak or shortened. These changes in one of part of the spine can cause changes in the muscle structure of other areas.In the present research, according to the score of the seven FMS tests, it was found that the change in the muscle structure of the head, neck and chest causes a change in the muscle structure of other trunk areas and the scores of the tests are reduced.

Chronic back pain is a common problem in the world, which is the most frequent among middle-aged women. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of eight weeks of corrective exercises along with water therapy on reducing pain, fatigue, life expectancy and trunk kinematic indices in women with chronic low back pain.

The research sample includes 30 of these people who were randomly selected and then randomly divided into two groups of 15 people, control and experimental. In this study, the amount of back pain was evaluated with the help of a visual pain assessment questionnaire. Also, the quality of life of the subjects was evaluated with the help of the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire - short form and the intensity of fatigue with the help of the MFIS questionnaire. After evaluating the variables, the subjects were divided into two control and training groups, and the training group did the training program for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. The control group also did their daily activities during this period. In this study, the normality of the distributions was investigated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. In order to test the research hypotheses under normal conditions, analysis of covariance (between groups) and correlation t (within groups) were used.

The results of this study showed that applying an eight-week corrective exercise program along with water therapy is effective in reducing fatigue and quality of life in addition to reducing pain (P < 0.05).

The results of this study showed the effect of corrective exercises along with water therapy on reducing back pain, improving quality of life and trunk kinematics in middle-aged women. Based on this, it seems that applying the exercises of the present study can be effective in improving the quality of life in middle-aged women with back pain

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of two functional and functional stretching methods of the leg muscles on a selection of kinematic and kinetic indicators in women with ankle instability.

24 people were selected and randomly divided into the functional exercise (8 persons), extra-functional exercise (8 persons) and control (8 persons) on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The experimental group underwent stretching exercises for eight weeks, 3 sessions each week, and the control group was merely performing its daily activities. Then, in order to measure the pre -test and post -test variables, the dorsiflexion, Plantar flexion and ground reaction force were investigated and measured. Data was analyzed using paired-samples T test and independent-samples T -tests at a significant level of 0.05 All statistical reviews were conducted using SPSS software version 25.

The results of the T -test showed the significant effect of eight weeks of functional and Extra functional exercises on dorsiflexion, Plantar Flexion and ground reaction force. (P≤ 0/001).

The results of this study showed that the implementation of the functional and Extra-functional exercise protocol has an impact on the amount of Ankle dorsiflexion and the Plantar flexion of the Girls with an ankle instability. It was also found that muscle flexibility following the stretch ability of the gastrocnemius muscles by affecting the amount of wrist flexion facilitates the walking of the wrist installation, so these people are recommended to use the functional and Extra-functional exercise protocol.

 The knee joint injury in judokas mostly occurs in the standing position. This study aims to investigate the relationship between kinematic variables of trunk and the occurrence of knee injuries in male judokas.

 In this study, 15 male judokas aged 20-30 years (7 with a history of knee joint injury and 8 controls) were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, after installing markers on their body, they were asked to stand on a 30-cm box and, after a jump upwards, land on the ground on one foot (the support foot). Cameras were used to measure the angles of the knee and trunk joints during the jump landing task. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to examine the normality of data distribution. ANCOVA was used to compare the groups. The ssignificance level was set at 0.05.

 Healthy judokas had lower knee flexion angle and higher knee valgus angle. Moreover, they had lower trunk flexion angle, higher internal knee rotation, and higher relative rotation speed between femur and tibia compared to the injured group (P<0.05).

 Male Judo players with a history of knee injury have lower knee flexion and greater knee valgus, lower trunk flexion, higher internal knee rotation, and higher relative rotation between femur and tibia compared to their healthy peers. Professionals and coaches need to design injury prevention exercises for this group of athletes.

This study aims to investigate the effect of a virtual reality-based exercise program on static and dynamic balance and the risk of falling in older women.

The study population consists of all older women in Tehran, Iran (Mean±SD age= 64.96±0.34 years, height=163.16±0.67 cm, and body mass index= 64.27±4.91 Kg/m2). Of these, 30 women were selected by a convenience sampling method based on the inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n=15) and control (n=15). Their static and dynamic balances were assessed by Biodex balance system and their risk of falling was measured by the dynamic gait index. The women in the exercise group performed balance exercises based on virtual reality for six weeks (Three sessions per week, each for 30-45 minutes). Finally, the obtained data were analyzed by statistical tests such as t-test and analysis of covariance in SPSS software, version 21. The significance level was set at 0.05.

Six weeks of virtual reality-based exercises had a positive and significant effect on static and dynamic balance and the risk of falling in older women (P=0.001).

  The exercises based on virtual reality can improve static and dynamic balance and reduce the risk of falling in Aged women which are recommended to prevent balance disorders and its adverse outcomes in these women.

Genuvarum is a common complication among girls aged 12-16 years. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of NASM and Theraband correction exercises on balance and kinematic variables of the knee in girls aged 16-12 years suffering pain due to genuvarum.

The research sample includes 30 of these individuals who were randomly selected and then randomly divided into three groups of 10 controls (age: 14.20 ± 1.31 years, height: 1.59 ± 0.059). M, weight: 54.80 ± 7.61, BMI: 21.26 ± 2.19 kg / m2), Theraband group (age: 14.70 ± 0.94 years, height: 1.61 ± 0.06 M, weight: 54.40 ± 4.37 kg, BMI: 21.51 ± 1.23 kg / m2) and NASM group (age: 14.71 ± 1.16 years, height: 1.66 ± 0.053 M, weight: 56.70 ± 4.47 kg, BMI: 20.52 ± 0.87 kg / m2). In this study, a balance was assessed using the Walking on the balance wood test. Also, the distance between the inner condyle of the femur and the Q angle was measured using a caliper and a goniometer, respectively. After evaluating the variables, the subjects were divided into three groups of control and training, and each training group performed the training program for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. The control group also performed their daily activities and physiotherapy at Arman Clinic during this period. In this study, the normality of the distributions was investigated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. To test the research hypotheses under normal conditions, ANCOVA analysis of covariance (between groups) and correlated T (within groups) were used. SPSS software version 26 was used in this study.

The results of this study showed that applying 8 weeks of NASM and Theraband training program in addition to increasing the balance was effective in improving the distance between the condylar and the Q angle (P = 0.001). In the field of comparison between the two training groups, except for the Q angle (P = 0.001), the balance variable and the distance between the condyles were not found (P ≥ 0.05).

In general, the results of the present study show the effect of both NASM and Theraband training programs on balance and improvement of knee kinematic variables; 1- The distance between the inner condyle of the femur, 2- Q angle has been effective. Based on this, it seems that the use of these two training programs in this community can lead to desirable results and shows the importance of using these exercises (especially NASM) in girls suffering genuvarum

Increased fatigue causes injuries, the purpose of this article was to investigate the angular displacement of the hip and knee joints in girls with patellofemoral syndrome.

 Thirty girls with an average age (age 28.73±1.83, height 168.49±5.59, weight 63.73±12.73) participated in this study in two groups of 15, experimental and control. The jet evaluation test was taken from the subjects' knee and thigh angle, then these tests were repeated with the application of different inclines of the treadmill; that the tests were examined in a neutral position and in a positive and negative slope of 5 degrees. The mean and standard deviation were used to describe the data and the Shapirovik test was used for the normalization of the data to compare and examine the variables in the two research groups using independent t-test and repeated analysis of variance at a significance level of 0.05.

 Based on independent t-test and repeated analysis of variance, there is no significant difference between different treadmill slopes on the amount of angular displacement of knee and hip joints in girls with patellofemoral syndrome. (p<0.05)

  In general, according to the current studies of people with patellofemoral syndrome, running on steep inclines, as well as running on a treadmill and making the incline angle of the treadmill within the limit of minus 5% to plus 5%, does not affect the improvement of this condition, and it is not recommended. And according to the research, girls with patellofemoral syndrome should be placed on the treadmill at an inclined angle to run.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between functional motor test scores and injury incidence in elite Tehranian female shooting athletes.

The statistical population of this quasi-experimental study was all elite athletes and super league shooters (guns & rifles) in Tehran in 1398. The sample consisted of 40 individuals (20 with a history of injury and 20 without injury) who, using G Power software, were purposefully selected after public recall. After obtaining the consent form and measuring the demographic characteristics of the subjects, a checkerboard method and a New York test questionnaire were used to measure the variables of the study. All subjects performed the seven Functional Movement Screen (FMS) after evaluating the degree of stature abnormalities. After checking the normality of the data via Shapiro-Wilk test, they were analyzed through independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS software with α = 0.05.

The findings of the present study showed that, in the athletes with an injury record, there was a significant negative relationship between the total score of functional movement screen and the occurrence of scoliosis (P = 0.001), uneven shoulder (P = 0.044) and uneven pelvis (P = 0.001) and no significant relationship was observed in athletes without a history of injury (P≤0.05). Also, there was no significant relationship between total score of functional movement screen and the incidence of cervical injury (P = 0.661, P = 0.001) in subjects with and without history of injury.

According to the results, the motor-functional test scores provide the trainers and therapists with a good prevention model of traumatic injuries and disorders such as scoliosis, uneven shoulder and uneven pelvis. Therefore, it is recommended that trainers and athletes in this field use Functional Examinations (FMS) along with clinical diagnostic tests to improve and prevent these injuries.

Caffeine is a supplement that is not yet fully effective in specific football training styles. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of caffeine consumption on some of the physical fitness and skill factors of young footballers.

The research method is quasi-experimental and the participants of this study were 30 football players aged 16-18 years who were randomly selected and randomly assigned to one of the three groups of caffeine consumption, placebo use and control (30 = n). The variables of lower limb strength, agility, speed, maximum oxygen consumption and pass, shoot and dribble football skills were considered as dependent variables in pre-test and post-test of all participants. Data were classified by descriptive indices of mean and standard deviation and data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance test using SPSS-23 software at a significance level of P <0.05.

The results of statistical test showed that between the average lower limb strength (sig = 0.001), maximum oxygen consumption (sig = 0.001), speed (sig = 0.001) and agility (sig = 0.002) There is a statistically significant difference in the caffeine group with the other two groups from the pre-test to the post-test, but there is no statistically significant difference between the control and placebo groups. The results also showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean performance of shot, pass and dribble football in the caffeine group with the other two groups from the pre-test to post-test (sig = 0.001), but between the control and placebo groups. There is no statistically significant difference.

Based on the results of the present study, caffeine consumption can have a positive effect on the physical fitness and technical skills of young footballers. Therefore, football coaches are advised to use caffeinated beverages before training to improve their footballers' physical and skill factors.

 One of the treatment methods for Pediatric Flexible Flat Foot (PFFF) is to use medical insoles. The current study aimed to investigate the Short-term effects of arch supporting insoles on balance and symptoms of flexible flat foot in children.

 Twenty children aged 6-11 years with a flexible flatfoot complication were purposefully selected after applying Inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were randomly assigned to two intervention (n=10) and control groups (n=10). The intervention group used insoles supporting the longitudinal arch of the foot in their shoes for 12 weeks, but the control group did not use them. To measure the balance and symptoms of flexible flat foot in children, a sensory organization test of dynamic posturography apparatus, medial longitudinal arch height, and footprint were used in the pre-posttest. The intervention group used insoles supporting the longitudinal arch of the foot in their shoes for 12 weeks, but the control group did not. Data analysis was performed in two descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (covariance analysis) sections using SPSS software v. 25 at a significance level of α<0.05.

 The results showed that short-term use of medical insoles led to improved balance in conditions of normal vision and fixed support (P=0.047), absent vision and fixed support (P=0.1010), sway referenced vision and fixed support (P=0.004), normal vision and fixed support (P=0.004), absent vision and sway referenced support (P=0.001) and sway referenced vision and sway referenced support (P=0.001). The results also showed that medical insoles improved the medial longitudinal arch of the foot (P=0.001) and footprint (P=0.001).

 According to the results of the present study, educators and parents of children with flexible flat foot are advised to use supportive medical insoles to improve children’s motor function, balance, and symptoms of flexible flat foot.

 shoulder muscle fatigue in exercise is very common among bodybuilders. Fatigue can lowers the performance quality and seriously damage athletes’ shoulder joints. This study aimed to determine the effect of fatigue on the force of flexor, extensor, elevator, depressor, retractor, and abductor shoulder muscles in young bodybuilders after a session of debilitating fatigue. 

 In this quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design, 25 active athletes in the field of bodybuilding (age: 26.12±2.78 years, height: 1.82±0.035 m, weight: 78.92±4.23 kg, BMI: 23.71±1.40 kg / m2, and sport history: 2.96±0.97 years) were selected. Before and after the fatigue, the force of flexor, extensor, elevator, depressor, retractor, and abductor muscles of shoulder was evaluated using a portable tensile-compression tachometer. To analyze the statistical part, the paired samples t-test was used to compare the fatigue protocol. 

 The results of the study showed a reprise of debilitating fatigue reduced the force of flexor (P=0.001), extensor (P=0.001), elevator (P=0.001), depressor (P=0.001), retractor (P=0.001), and abductor (P=0.001) of shoulder muscles. 

 In general, the results of the present study showed the effect of fatigue on the reduction of flexor, extensor, elevator, depressor, retractor and abductor muscles of the shoulder, and this force decrease can be a factor for reducing performance quality in fatigue conditions and probably increasing the risk of injury in athletes.

Parkour is a sport with alternating energy system in which some items such as lower body explosive power, muscular strength, production of high levels of power in the shortest period of time and high agility are of particular importance.Considering the anabolic and anticatabolic properties of beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate (HMB), the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of taking this supplement along with plyometric training on body composition, agility and standing jump power of parkour athletes.

For this purpose, forty parkour trained men (19-26 years old) have been chosen and randomly categorized into four groups: HMB group, Plyometric group, HMB and Plyometric group and control group. The training program was performed for plyometric and plyometric-HMB group, three sessions per week for eight weeks which took one hour each Session. Also HMB and plyometric-HMB groups consumed three grams of HMB per day for eight weeks. Body composition analysis and Illinois test and standing jump power test were conducted before and after eight weeks of plyometric training and HMB supplementation. Research data was analysed by ANCOVA statistical test.

The results of statistical analysis of each group showed that performing eight weeks of plyometric training significantly improves the standing jump power, agility and body fat percentage of the parkour athletes (p <0.05).

These findings indicate that plyometric training increase the standing jump power and agility and reduce the body fat percentage in parkour athletes, but taking HMB supplement along with plyometric training only helps to burn more fat in the parkour athletes.

Background: Badminton booklet is a high-risk sport in the field of upper limb injuries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical mechanics and upper limb injuries in professional badminton players. Materials and Methods: 20 professional open badminton players from the national badminton league with a history of shoulder injuries with age (28.41 1 1.12 years), weight (71.23 7 7.22 kg), height (36 5 5.88) / 175 m), playing history (4.6 ± 1.5 years), as well as 20 healthy open badminton players with age (27.63 2 2.3 years), weight (68.88 6 6.20 kg), height ( 20.4 ± 177 meters), games (2.3 / 2.5 years), participated in this study. The subjects' shoulder kinematic indices were evaluated. Data were analyzed by chi-square and logistic regression. Results: According to the results of the study, the relationship between physical mechanics and shoulder injuries was observed in both healthy and injured groups (P = 0.003) Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the anatomical factors of cinema are exposed to injury and athletes are considered to be related to anomalies and minor injuries, and because kinematic indicators are among the factors that have been damaged in predicting injury. , Can be considered. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the anatomical factors of cinema are exposed to injury and athletes are considered to be related to anomalies and minor injuries, and because kinematic indicators are among the factors that have been damaged in predicting injury Can be considered. by badminton coaches.

The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of endurance exercise combined with myoclinic diet and Calorie restriction on the lipid profile of overweight women.

The method of the present study was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design. For this purpose, 45 women referred to the Tehran Region 1 Fitness Club with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 30 and in the age group of 35 to 45 years voluntarily participated in this study. Subjects were homogeneously divided into three groups of 15 people based on weight, height and body mass index, including the endurance training group with myoclinic diet, the endurance training group with Calorie restriction and the endurance training group alone. Endurance exercise was three sessions per week for eight weeks. The program, 30 minutes of aerobic exercise, starting at 65% of maximum heart rate and increasing by 5% every two weeks until it reached 80% of maximum heart rate in the last week. The recommended diet for the endurance training groups with the Myoclink diet and the endurance training group with the Calorie restriction was given. Endurance training was also asked not to change their normal diet. Subjects' lipid profiles were measured before and after the training protocol. One-way ANOVA use for data analyses.

The results showed that in overweight women endurance training combined with myoclinic diet and endurance training combined with Calorie restriction improve the lipid profile (lowering total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels and increasing HDL) more than endurance training alone. (P ≤ 0.05) ؛ Also, there was no significant difference between the effect of endurance training with myoclinic diet and endurance training with Calorie restriction on improving lipid profile. (P ≥ 0.05)

Combining endurance training with myoclinic diet or calorie control can be effective in improving the fat profile.

The feet require proper weight distribution during many body motions such as those for the maintenance of static balance and gait. In general, an abnormally low medial longitudinal arch in foot is called pes planus or flatfeet, which is divided into rigid and flexible pes planus. Pes planus has been reported to cause abnormal functions of the tendon sheath of the tibialis posterior, including dynamic imbalance, pain, joint damage, and even stress fractures. Diagnosing and improving flatfeet in the early age is effective in preventing various injuries. Foot as the most distal segment in the lower extremity chain, represents relatively small base of support on which the body maintains balance. Although it seems reasonable that even minor biomechanical alternations in the support surface may influence postural-control strategies. Studies represented several ways of using kinesiotape was affected on handling many kinds of skeletal deformities. There was evidence exists that traditional taping can be effective in controlling excessive pronated foot. The aim of this study was to evaluate corrective exercises and the use of kinesiotape on flatfeet and balance index in female students aged 15 to 17 years.

The method of this research was semi-experimental, which was conducted as an intervention in the form of a pre-test and post-test research design with two experimental groups. The statistical population of female students was 15 to 17 years old in Tehran, 28 female volunteer students were suffered pronation foot grouped random in 2, including 14 in both experimental group, corrective exercises with taping and corrective exercises without taping. The criteria for entering students into the research were: suffering from flat feet; written consent of the volunteer and parents; Confirmation of the health questionnaire by a specialist doctor, including checking the complete health of the skeletal and neuromuscular system, the visual system, the vestibular hearing system; Not taking any drugs that affect the nervous system and control posture; Not having a history of accidents and ankle sprains; Negativeness of the adhesive sensitivity test and no coldness and sweating of the soles of the feet. The criteria for the withdrawal of students from the research, eczema in the long term, the appearance of disorders in the health of the sensory and nervous systems, vestibular hearing, the appearance of vertigo, impaired control of standing, the occurrence of any type of accident and the occurrence of movement problems, the inability to continue exercises and the increase in body mass index body mass index (BMI) during the intervention period. The navicular drop test and foot printed measured by Staheli method were done to diagnose flat foot. Corrective exercises were scheduled for 8 weeks 32 sessions. Participants with tape were present throughout the study along with the taped foot during the day. The measurement of the height of the naval bone and amount of internal arches of the foot were measured and to find the balance it was performed by a posturography apparatus, Sensory organization test (SOT test), which all remeasured after 8 weeks exercises. The computerized dynamic posturography apparatus was the equitest model of the American NeuroCom company, one of the most advanced kinetic variables assessor apparatus that is used to manipulate effective sensory systems in control posture. This device has a unique evaluation technique that provides quantitative data in posture control and it is a suitable tool for analysing age–related changes. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, covariance analysis , independent t test and paired samples test in significance level 0.05. All data were analysed using SPSS 20 for windows.

The results of covariance analysis showed that, after removing the effect of pre-test scores on post-test scores, there was a significant difference between the two groups in the first (p=0.251), second (p=0.113), third (p=0.071), fourth (p=0.862), fifth (p=0.260) and sixth (p=0.314) balances and the internal longitudinal arch of right foot (p=0.281) and left (p=0.125) and there was no increase in the height of the right naval bone (p=0.136) and the height of the left naval bone (p=0.240) and the use of kinesiotape could not facilitate the effect of corrective exercises; But the results of the paired t-test for intragroup comparisons showed that corrective exercises on the on internal longitudinal arch of right and left foot (p<0.001), increasing the height of the naval bone of the right and left foot (p<0.001) and static balance with eyes closed in the second condition (p<0.001) had a significant effect.

According to this study corrective exercises protocol can improve pronated foot (flat feet deformity) and static balance index in closed eyes position, and the use of the kinesiotape is not affective on improving pronated foot and improving balance index. Therefore, this training protocol can be useful for teenagers suffered pronated foot is to improve internal foot arches and height of the naval bone and static balance in closed eye position.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of strengthening the abductor and external rotator of the hip joint muscles on pain, thigh muscle strength, and lower limb kinematics in volleyball players with patellofemoral complications.

Twenty-four volleyball players with patellofemoral pain were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received three sessions of strengthening exercises for the abductor muscles and external rotators of the hip joint using Traband for eight weeks. The control group received no training intervention. The pain was assessed by visual acuity scale, hip muscle strength by hand dynamometer, and lower limb kinematics using video analysis before and after the intervention. Samples included volleyball players with patellofemoral pain who had pain in one or both knees. If the pain was bilateral, the exercises were performed bilaterally on both lower limbs, but measurements were taken only from the lower extremity, which was most in pain. Analysis of covariance was used by SPSS software for statistical analysis.

The results of this study showed that after training, in the experimental group, pain decreased and the strength of the abductor’s muscles and external rotator of the hip joint muscles increased. Knee dynamic valgus and pelvic drop were observed in single-leg squat only in the experimental group. 

The results showed that the strengthening of the hip joint can decrease the pain of volleyball players with patellofemoral, increase the strength of the muscles and change the kinematics of the lower limbs on the frontal plane, and this can be the mechanism of the effect of this intervention on the symptoms of pain.

The present study aimed to evaluate image processing software (IPSO) for physical abnormalities compared to standard Cobb measurements when measuring thoracic and lumbar curvature. This was a correlational study. The participants included 56 healthy male and female volunteers visiting the radiology centers at Firoozgar and Bahonar hospitals in Tehran with a mean age of 45.2±13.9 years, mean weight of 76.1±12.3 kg, mean height of 1.67±0.13 m, and mean body mass index (BMI) of 27.4 ± 5.7 kg/m2. Before the study, the participants were briefed on the significance, purpose, and process, completed a medical-sports record questionnaire, and consented to participate in the study. Thoracic and lumbar curves were measured using radiography (the Cobb measurement) and image processing software. The results showed that the thoracic (ICC=0.65) and lumbar curve (ICC=0.61) measurement data obtained using the image processing method had moderate validity relative to the Cobb method. Moreover, lumbar (ICC=0.98) and thoracic (ICC=0.96) curves measured with the test-retest software had excellent reliability. The reliability of the thoracic and lumbar curve measurements using the two testers with the image processing software were respectively (ICC=0.91) and (ICC=0.84). The good to excellent reliability and moderate validity of thoracic and lumbar curve measurements using image processing software for physical abnormalities and its ease of use, lower cost, and more features mean that it can be used to examine thoracic and lumbar skeletal deformities.

Cell adhesion molecules mediate leukocyte responses to inflammation. The purpose of study was to the effect of aerobic training and probiotic intake on ICAM–1 in rats with fatty liver.

In this experimental study, 32 rats (200-250 gr) were randomly divided into four groups (healthy control, steatosis, steatosis + probiotic, steatosis + probiotic + training). To create a fatty liver model, tetracycline at a dose of 100 mg / kg in a volume of 1.5 cc was gavaged daily for two weeks. The training program includes 8 weeks and 5 sessions per week, in the initial week with a speed of 18 meters per minute, time started 10 minutes and every week quickly, 1-2 meters per minute and time was added to 10 minutes. Supplemental groups received 109 CFU / ml of Lactobacillus ramensus by gavage daily for 8 weeks and 5 days per week. Liver tissue samples were taken to examine the expression of ICAM-1 gene. 10 ml of blood was collected from the hearts of rats for ALP testing. The data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) p05/0≥.

The results showed that the aerobic training along with probiotic consumption significantly reduced the expression gene of ICAM-1 and ALP in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver.

It seems aerobic training combined with probiotic consumption improved the expression gene of ICAM-1 and ALP enzyme in the studied samples which can be effective in treating patients with fatty liver disease

 Nowadays, urinary incontinence is a common problem among women. Kegel and core stability exercises might be effective in the treatment of urinary incontinence and its complications. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of core stability exercises and pelvic muscle exerciser on pelvic floor muscle strength, quality of life, and sexual satisfaction in women with urinary incontinence and uterine prolapse. 

 This experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest design. The paticipants were30 women with the urinary incontinence who were selected using purposeful sampling and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. In the pretest and posttest, participants filled out the Larson's Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (LSSQ) and Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (IQOL), their pelvic muscle strength was measured using a pelvic biofeedback device, and intensity of urinary incontinence by a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).  Experimental group performed the core stability exercises for eight weeks (three sessions of 30 min per week) and used Pelvic Muscle Exerciser XFT-200. Control group continued their routine daily activities. 

 Ten people from each group completed the follow-up and were analyzed. Findings suggested that core stability exercises and using pelvic muscle exerciser had a significant effect on the avoidance of severe urinary incontinence (P<0.01), pelvic floor muscle contraction strength (P<0.01), quality of life (P<0.01), sexual compatibility (P<0.01) and quality of sexual life (P<0.01) and have there was no significant effect on the desire to have sex (P>0.05) and sexual attitude (P>0.05). 

 It appears that core stability exercises in women with urinary incontinence could strengthen pelvic floor muscles and improve uterine prolapse in these people. In addition, handling the symptoms of urinary incontinence may improve the variables of quality of life in women with uterine prolapse and urinary incontinence.

 Knee brace is one of the lower limb abnormalities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of knee kinematical parameters on the development of knee Genu Varum.

 This study’s statistical sample was 32 taekwondo practitioners with red and black belts of sports clubs in the northeast of Tehran, determined using G-Power software and in two groups of 16 people in terms of gender, age, and membership in the field. The 8-week training intervention, which included 3session of 1-hour training sessions emphasizing performing the techniques of up-chulogi and yup-chaggy, was performed for the experimental group. The control group did not have any specific activity during this period. Knee kinematic indices include naval drop size tests, tibial torsion, Q angle, androgen enterogen, internal and external hip rotation, and knee hyperextension in the two groups of healthy and injured in pre and posttest was evaluated. The data were statistically analyzed using descriptive analysis using t-test and SPSS V. 23 software. 

According to the study results, a significant positive relationship was observed between the variables of the selected technique of up-chology and the technique of up-chugi on the incidence of knee Genu Varum. Also, there was a significant difference between the indices of naval drop (P=0.003), torsion (P=0.006), Q angle (P=0.005) and knee hyperextension (P=0.001) in pre-test to post-test results. 

 The selected exercises have increased the distance between the knees and functional disorders. Because the braced knee may play a role in influencing athletes’ negative performance and injury in training and competition, it is necessary to consider it in studies related to the prevention of potential injuries.

Adipose tissue is known as an endocrine tissue that secretes a large number of adipokines. In addition to regulating fat metabolism, these adipokines play an important role in pathological and physiological processes The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 12 weeks of Concurrent training with caffeine supplementation on C1q/TNF-Related Protein3, C1q/TNF-related protein 9، Adipoline, Mayonctin and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women.

In this quasi-experimental study 44 postmenopausal women (46-58 years) were selected and divided in to Four groups (Control, Caffeine, training, training + Caffeine.Twelve weeks training, 3 sessions per week included continuous aerobic exercises (20 min, 65-75% of HRR), and circular resistance training (10 stations with 70% 1RM). The aerobic training included 20 min duration with 65-75% HRR per session and the resistance training program included 10 stationary exercise as did circular with 70% 1RM.6 milligrams of caffeine per kilogram of body weight (2 to 3 mg) was given orally to supplemental groups.

The results showed a significant increase in CTRP-12, CTRP-15 and significantly reduced insulin resistance in obese postmenopausal women. CTRP-3 and CTRP-9 not change significantly.

12 weeks of Concurrent training with caffeine consumption can be an effective factor for optimal changes in CTRP-12, CTRP-15 and insulin resistance in obese postmenopausal women.

 The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) exercises with mental imagery and working memory and combining these two types of exercises on dynamic balance, range of motion, and spasticity of Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. 

In this quasi-experimental study, 30 male MS patients were randomly assigned into three groups (n=10) of PNF, mental imagery and working memory training, and combination. The study included pre-test, intervention, and post-test. Timed Up and Go test, range of motion, and rate of muscles spasticity in active and passive extension of knee were measure in pre-test, and post-test. Intervention consisted of 6 weeks of exercise in each group. Data were analyzed using Paired Samples t-test, ANCOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. 

The results showed that each of mental imagery and working memory training, and combination had a significant effect on dynamic balance (P<0.01), range of motion of passive and active knee extension (P<0.01) and spasticity of passive and active knee extension (P<0.01) in MS patients. No significant differences were found between training groups in any of the variables (P>0.05).

Overall, the results of the present study showed that PNF, mental imagery, working memory, and combined training can be used to improve balance, range of motion, and spasticity of MS patients.

This study aimed to compare the effect of corrective exercise and corrective games on upper crossed syndrome in female students. 

This was a quasi-experimental study performed with the pre-test and post-test method. The study sample consisted of 60 people who were selected purposely, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and the rate of the disorder. In the study sample, the mean±SD of age, height, and weight were 14.16±1.08 years, 133.49±5.59 cm, and 44.73±8.24 kg, respectively. The study samples were randomly assigned into three groups: corrective exercises group (n=20), corrective games group (n=20), and control group (n=20). Students with upper extremity syndrome were first identified through checkered screening and the New York test. Then, the subjects of both intervention groups performed the selected training programs for eight weeks, based on the defined protocols. Finally, the one-way ANOVA, paired t-test, and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to compare the between-group differences. Also, the significance level was considered as P<0.05. 

After eight weeks of exercise, the intra-group changes in head forward, kyphosis, and shoulder angle were significant in the corrective exercises group (P=0.001) and the corrective games group (P=0.001). Also, the three study groups significantly differed in frontal angle, kyphosis, and shoulder angle (P=0.001).

According to the findings, the corrective exercises and corrective games can effectively reduce the angle of head forward, kyphosis, and shoulder in affected persons. Therefore, researchers and specialists should plan these programs. Moreover, it is recommended to use the corrective exercises used in this study with the mentioned principles and have direct and accurate supervision of their implementation to ensure the correctness of the movements.