mohammad nourian

This study aims to identify and synthesize the key components influencing a research-oriented curriculum in education.

Methods and Materials: 

The study follows a synthesis research (meta-synthesis) approach using the inductive content analysis model. The Sandelowski and Barroso (2007) method was employed, consisting of seven stages: formulating the research question, conducting a systematic review of literature, selecting relevant studies, extracting data, analyzing and synthesizing findings, performing quality control, and presenting results. A total of 719 articles were identified through systematic searches in major databases such as ERIC, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, and Springer. After filtering and quality assessment, 25 studies from the period 2010-2024 were selected for final analysis.

The study identified five key categories influencing the research-oriented curriculum: individual acceptance, educator competency, school-related factors, educational system flexibility, and cultural considerations. Each category is subdivided into multiple dimensions, such as technological acceptance, professional competencies of educators, school management, and the culture of quality and evaluation. In total, 75 codes and 20 sub-categories were identified, showing the need for a multi-layered approach, integrating managerial, psychological, and sociological perspectives in curriculum development.

The findings underscore the importance of systemic support, teacher competency, and cultural shifts to effectively implement a research-oriented curriculum. The study highlights the need for institutional flexibility, adequate resources, and teacher training in research facilitation. By addressing individual, institutional, and societal dimensions, the proposed curriculum model offers a structured and adaptable framework that promotes research-based learning in educational systems.

The present study was conducted with the aim of designing the curriculum of skills training in the first year of secondary school. The data of this research was conducted using interpretative phenomenology method which is a qualitative approach, the community included designers, specialists and experts of the curriculum of the first secondary school from the five provinces of Lorestan, Hormozgan, Tehran, South Khorasan and Isfahan, there were 10 of these people. They were selected as a sample by purposeful sampling. And to collect information, a semi-structured interview was conducted with these people. The purpose of choosing these people was their experience and being included in the text of the skill training curriculum. After collecting and analyzing the data, a model of data analysis was presented. The data were analyzed based on thematic analysis, and the results of the content analysis are: Klein elements in the curriculum: 1- The goals include: preparation for employment, preparation for entrepreneurship, formation of professional identity, identification of talents and 2- content, virtual content, written content, practical content and integrated content 3- teaching-learning strategies including: direct teaching methods, active and collaborative methods and integrated methods 4- Suitable materials, resources and tools including: educational media, workshop tools and equipment, mobile workshops, new technologies and social networks 5- Evaluation methods including: project-based evaluation, integrated evaluation, process evaluation and self-evaluation 6- Students' activities include: scientific visits, practical activities and cognitive activities in real and virtual space. 7- Teaching time includes: increasing current time, providing short-term training and floating and mobile training time. 8- Education space including: use of virtual space and simulators, use of equipped places outside the school and insufficient workshop space in schools 9- Grouping of students" which all participants only mentioned as They did not mention it.

The present research aims to analyze the content of the Persian elementary school curriculum from a critical thinking perspective. The research method is qualitative content analysis (inductive-deductive). The research population includes the teacher’s guide for Persian languages in grades 1 to 6 of elementary school, the non-final version of the curriculum guide for the field of Persian language and literature in the year 2019, and the curriculum guide for the field of education and learning of Persian language and the literature in the year 2014. Two open and axial coding methods were used to analyze the data. First, the content of a Persian elementary school curriculum was extracted from the mentioned sources and classified. Then, the relationship between the extracted curriculum categories and the components of critical thinking (based on the 16 component list of Critical thinking by Jebeliadeh, 2023) was determined. Based on the qualitative content analysis, the content of the Persian curriculum was divided into 8 categories, which are: fostering literary-linguistic knowledge, self-awareness, promoting the role of interaction, emphasizing the chain of understanding the concept, enhancing cultural and religious-national identity, strengthening the power of initiative, Thinking and systematization. Among these classes, the classes of cultivating literary-linguistic knowledge and enhancing cultural and religious-national identity have not been related to any of the components of critical thinking. Therefore, it is suggested to revise the content of the Persian curriculum of the elementary school and to pay attention to all aspects of critical thinking in a balanced way.
 

Social deviances has always brought many problems to societies. Experts believe that the future of society and children and teenagers and their vulnerability to social harm depends on the performance of socializing institutions such as education. Considering the lack of a curriculum model for the prevention of social harms in the preschool period, this study seeks to identify the curriculum model of the preschool period with an empowerment approach against social deviances.

The current research was conducted with the aim of designing and presenting a preschool curriculum model with an empowerment approach against social deviances.

The current research was conducted with a qualitative approach and narrative research method. The studied community included all experienced preschool teachers (with more than 15 years of work experience) in Kerman city in the academic year of 2021-2022, and based on the theoretical saturation of the findings, 9 of them were selected as a sample. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The interviews were conducted between April and August 2021. Data analysis in this research was done using conventional qualitative content analysis method.

In this research, 8 components of logic and reason, educational goals, Educational content, teaching-learning strategies, materials and resources, teacher competencies, family and comprehensive evaluation were extracted. The dimensions of the preschool curriculum model with the empowerment approach against social deviances can be divided into 48 categories, including a better life and bright future, building and increasing self-confidence, strengthening social skills, an instructor who is proficient in teaching and learning strategies, It was categorized by the methods of evaluation, observation and recording of reports by the teacher and also parents familiar with sex education.

The results of the present research contain practical suggestions for improving the curriculum and empowering preschool children against social deviances. Therefore, it seems necessary that educational and curriculum planners, especially teachers and parents, use the 8 components obtained in the present study in order to gain empowerment to deal with social deviances in preschool children.

General Persian is one of the main subjects in the educational program of Iran's universities and higher education institutions. The general Persian course plays a significant role in raising students' linguistic, literary, and cognitive abilities. For this reason, all students in different fields of study must pass this course and acquire the necessary skills within the framework of its teachings. Research shows that almost a thousand general Persian textbook books have already been written and taught in various universities. Considering the importance of the general Persian course and its effect on students' linguistic and literary skills, there is no indication for writing a comprehensive general Persian book yet, and most of the authors have written books out of their taste. In the present study, while identifying the need for writing a unique general Persian book based on the principles of lesson planning, ten books used in Tehran universities were examined and evaluated. The findings revealed that most of the previously prepared books do not have the essential prerequisites of curriculum planning.

The changes brought about by globalization, technological advancements, and the dynamics of the job market in the 21st century have impacted education. Educational systems in various countries are seeking the best methods to educate children and adolescents in their daily and professional lives, considering the requirements of the 21st century. The purpose of this research was to identify the characteristics of entrepreneurship-based curriculum content in the secondary education system in Iran.

The research was applied in nature and qualitative in methodology. To this end, interviews were conducted with 25 experts who were well-versed in the research topic, using purposeful sampling of a judgmental type, until theoretical saturation was achieved. For the analysis of the qualitative part, the three coding processes of open, axial, and selective coding by Strauss and Corbin were employed.

The results of the data analysis showed that the characteristics of entrepreneurship-based curriculum content in the secondary educational system in Iran include: designing diverse and active curriculum content (1- inspiring curriculum, 2- practicality of curriculum content, 3- quality curriculum content). Developing curriculum content aimed at educating entrepreneurial citizens (1- learning about oneself, 2- entrepreneurial knowledge, 3- skill-focused curriculum content, 4- learning about the environment and entrepreneurial networks). The third is aligning curriculum content with societal needs and scientific developments (1- ethics of entrepreneurship, 2- adapting curriculum content to changes, 3- preparing students for the business world with awareness). Emphasizing student activity in the curriculum through practical exercises and creating personal experiences (1- student competency in time management, 2- the presence of practical exercises, 3- student ability to think about starting a business).

Educating entrepreneurial citizens is an urgent need in today's society as today's student is expected to have a professional life in the future and step into the world of work. Therefore, it is necessary for the curriculum content to align with global changes and transformations, equipping students to be competent and skill-focused individuals.

The most key factor of changes; Technological developments, social and economic developments, and globalization developments are the ones that all areas of human life have been affected by and have planned the basis of their life relationships based on those developments. Therefore, the developments of higher education governance are not exempted from this rule, but have been influenced by it. The purpose of this study is to investigate the components and elements of university governance and to design the native model of Iranian universities through understanding the relationship and role of each of them. In this research, based on synthesis research and meta-study (meta-composition), 87 components (indices) were obtained from 40 valid articles, which were confirmed by 30 experts using the Delphi technique. After analyzing the governance indicators in higher education, it was found that these indicators are in six larger dimensions and in 2 parts: internal factors (management systems and its processes, open and responsive and responsible system, participation of internal stakeholders) and external factors (governance and institutional independence, financial independence, academic freedom, participation of foreign stakeholders). To understand the phenomenon of higher education, paying attention to the institutional roots and balance of power in modern higher education systems is Clark's triangle, which distinguishes between the government control model, the Humboldt model (rule by academics) and the American-English market-oriented model. Taking into account the dimensions of transformational governance in the higher education system and the foundations of new theories and researches, the result of the research shows that there

The present study was conducted with the aim of validating the model of integration of local native games in the primary school curricula, using a survey method. Its statistical population included teachers of primary schools in Gachsaran, Kohkiloyeh and Boyerahmad. The sample size was determined to include 200 people who were selected via cluster random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was estimated by calculating the content validity indexes (CVR and CVI). The reliability of the questionnaire was also confirmed through implementation of Cronbach's alpha. The data were analyzed by using Spss-22 and Smart PLS-3 with partial least square tests and confirmatory factor analysis. In the external evaluation stage or the measurement model, the validity of the model was measured and confirmed by calculating the construct validity, convergent validity and divergent validity, and reliability of the model with composite reliability indices and Cronbach's alpha. Also, the internal (structural) model was also evaluated and confirmed by calculating the significance coefficients Z (t values), Aston-Geisser index and coefficient of determination. In examining the overall fit of the model, GOF=0.60 and SRMR=0.205, which show that the model has a good fit. Therefore, it can be said with confidence that the model of integrating local native games in the primary school curricula is highly reliable

The dynamism of primary schools is fundamental as an essential tool for raising the level of empowerment and educational promotion. Therefore, education should change the existing adaptive role to a reproductive role, provide dynamic conditions for each student, and favorably control the educational environment to quickly access new information, accelerate work, change, and continuous improvement. Furthermore, ultimately meet the new expectations of students. This research has designed a dynamic school model using consecutive exploratory research.The present study is a descriptive survey based on a combined approach of consecutive exploratory types (taxonomic development model or classification) applied purpose and data collection method. In the first stage, a data-based qualitative method (data foundation) and an interview technique were used to construct the model. Sources of data collection in this section included semi-structured interviews with theoretical saturation (with 15 people), which were converted into textual data. Then the text was coded using this data to identify components. The dynamic school was introduced in elementary schools and provided a model. The results of the qualitative section were designed based on the measuring instruments according to the identified components in the form of a 52-item questionnaire, and experts confirmed its face and content validity and finally reached a reliability coefficient of 96%. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the validity of the proposed model. The statistical population in the quantitative part of the professors of educational management of Farhangian University and the principals and teachers active in primary education and primary schools which implemented the dynamic school project in Tehran schools was 600 people who used a stratified random sampling method. Based on Krejcie and Morgan's table, 230 people were determined, and Amos software was used for quantitative data analysis. In the qualitative section, 15 experts and informants in the two areas of school dynamics and primary schools were purposefully selected using the snowball method and Atlas. Ti software was used to analyze the qualitative data.

The aim of this study was to investigate the components and educational goals of local indigenous games with a qualitative method based on the results of related research. The research approach was qualitative and its method was traditional research in which the research is classified into the forms system selection and clear analysis. The study corpus included articles related to local indigenous games since 2006. From 120 articles collected in a targeted manner, 39 articles were selected based on data saturation. The beginning of the theory and the main themes of employment were coded and classified. The results showed that the conceptual model included categories related to learning component which had three logics governing the goals of indigenous-local games included pay attention to all dimension and human evolution, coherence between national unity and multicultural, individual and social education.

Today, modern universities must face global competition, and they must be able to effectively influence the economic and social processes of the region in which they are located. These processes and influences can contribute to the competitiveness of the region through complex direct and indirect systems that are associated with different levels of development at different scales.research

The research method of this research is qualitative and research synthesis type, and in this regard, among all the researchers conducted in the last twenty years on the subject as the community studied by the researcher, it reached the level of data.

Aerobic exercise significantly increased HDL and decreased LDL, VLDL, TG, and Cho (P≤ 0.05), 15 days cinnamon supplementation had a significant effect on the increase of HDL and decrease of LDL, TG, and Cho in response to one session of aerobic exercise (P≤ 0.05, though, had no significant effect on VLDL (P≥ 0.05).

In the past, science was seen as separate from wealth, as the famous proverb "science is better" or "wealth" is a good example of this type of thinking, but today we know that universities should complement the chain of science and wealth. To achieve this goal, entrepreneurship and innovation centers have been formed next to universities. Investing in human capital skills training leads to the progress of economic development. If the university students apply the knowledge and skills learned in the industry during their studies, in addition to the fact that the graduates will be competent and skilled, they will promote the economic development of the regional market and generate wealth. In order to expand the international fields of education and research in the fourth-generation universities, it is better to include the recruitment of elites, the exchange of students and international faculty members, the creation of research and research centers as well as international campuses, and the expansion of research and research. international courses, revised curricula based on what is in the content of international courses, provided international conferences and gatherings, created international research journals and shared international study opportunities for students and professors.

Family female heads are one of the most vulnerable groups in the society and empowering them is essential. This research was a systematic study to design and develop a model of educational needs of female heads in the female-headed households.

This study was a qualitative applied research of a research synthetic type conducted using content-analysis and meta-analysis. The statistical population included all the relevant works published in Persian or English between 2012 and 2021 available in four reliable databases, namely, ERIC, Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar. Using the keywords "education of women-headed households, women's empowerment, women-headed households, and skills of women-headed households" and based on the inclusion criteria, initially 140 scientific articles were identified and finally, based on the exclusion criteria, 47 articles were selected for the final analysis. The Software MAXQDA 18 was used for the qualitative analysis of the articles.

Analysis of the data obtained showed the educational needs of women-headed households as the main theme to consist of four subthemes including "knowledge and skills of desirable sexual orientation", "knowledge and skills of raising children", "knowledge and skills of occupation" and "individual and social development and empowerment”. Based on meta-analysis out of the four main themes 22 themes were extracted and a model was designed for educating female-headed households.  

Considering that the educational needs of female-headed households have been identified, it is recommended that educational courses be designed in accordance with their educational needs.

This study is to identify the competencies of the undergraduate course in Petroleum Engineering at the fourth generation university. A qualitative phenomenological method is used. The research population was the professors of Ahvaz Petroleum College in the academic year 1399-1400.The sample was determined in a purposeful way based on theoretical saturation. The researcher reached information saturation in the fifth person. The data collection tool was a semi-structured in-depth interview. They were coded and analyzed by content analysis method and the competencies of the curriculum of Petroleum Engineering in the form of 4 themes, As a feature of the fourth generation university, including: ability to transfer learning in the workplace, with 4 competencies (application of specialized knowledge in practical situations, skill in using specialized software, to reporting oil projects and in industrial units); Localization with 2 competencies (considering localization processes and the ability to design educational projects), innovation and creativity with 3 competencies (to update specialized knowledge, skills based on job fields and acquire new information in the oil industry) and the internationalization focusing on local and regional conditions with 3 competencies (participate in research-scientific processes, in industrial projects, as well as conversational and specialized English language skills) were identified.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the problems and barriers of students chr('39')learning in mathematics based on teacherschr('39') experiences and narratives.

 A qualitative approach and narrative analysis method have been used to achieve this goal. The statistical population was all the privileged mathematics teachers in Tehran. The samples were selected through the conventional purposeful method and based on the theoretical saturation of the findings, 6 of them were selected as a sample. The data were collected through deep semi-structured in-person interviews, and then, analyzed using qualitative content analysis

The results showed that the most important barriers and problems of studentschr('39') learning in mathematics include 5 topics based on the experiences of teachers. The topics are, 1. Teacherchr('39')s performance with four classes of job skills, job satisfaction, student performance, and effective communication, 2. Misunderstanding the content with four classes of reasoning, connecting concepts (word of mouth and teaching method), 3. Motivation with four classes of student belief, attitude, self-confidence and teaching method, 4. Mathematical anxiety or five classes of learning environment, family, evaluation method, self-confidence and teaching method. 5.The structure of the educational system with four classes of textbooks, class time, evaluation and rules, and regulations.

All together deep analysis teachers aspect connected with barriers and problems of students learning in mathematics caused to recognition 5 topics include teachers performance misunderstanding the content motivation mathematical anxiety the structure of education system. It is obvious that the application of necessary solutions to overcome learning barriers and problems requires the organized and coherent efforts of students, teachers, and educational systems

Learning mathematics creates opportunities for pupils to develop key 21st century competencies. In support of this important curriculum, more serious efforts are needed to update the content and technique of mathematics education. The aim of    research was a comparative study of primary school mathematics curriculum in Iran and Singapore in four components of objectives, content, teaching and assessment methods.  A comparatively qualitative research method has been done using Bereday’s four-step approach. The   sample selection strategy was "Different social systems, different educational outcomes". The data were collected using documents and information available in   formal government databases, books and publications related to the research topic in the period 2021-2000, and were analyzed according to the John Stuart Mill agreement / disagreement method. The findings showed that selected countries emphasize the development of thinking skills and creative activities in mathematics education’s goals. In terms of goals, most important difference between the two countries is that Singaporean education system supporting the "problem solving" method and creating coherence between the content and skills taught to the learners. Also in contrast to Iran, in Singaporean schools, students' individual differences in content and metacognition development in learning strategies have been addressed. In order to improve the educational quality of Iran, curriculum planners are advised to consider new methods of content preparation and mathematics education.

This Article tries to present Dymanic School Model for Primary Schools. The research approach is qualitative and the method used is synthesis research, along with qualititative content analysis. In synthesis research, recent researches were selected, analyzed and categorized with a systematic method; and in qualitative content analysis, with the help of semi-structured interviews with experts in the field of educational management and planning, components are identified and the model of Dynamic School was formulated. Study group consists researches conducted outside of Iran (2000 to 2020) and inside the country (2000 to 2020). 62 cases were selected and analyzed as a sample, according to their subject relation, key words and content relations with the dimensions and components of Dynamic Primary Schools. Conducted analysis was initially codified and categorized, then the main structure was identified as 25 components and 52 indicators related to 5 main aspects of improvement and evolution, student-based, pariticipation-based, researchbased and thinking. Education policy makers and planners of primary schools can assess school performance using developed conceptual model and make decisions to reach dynamics.

The aim this study is designing a model of effective factors on creative activities of students first grade of high school in mathematics lesson. The present study is of qualitative type and its method is synthetic research. The resources available in research projects, articles, dissertations in specialized and scientific databases inside(from 1388 to1399) and outside the country (from 2000 to 2020). Were used for this purpose and to review the research background and collect data in a manner appropriate to the purpose of the research. Vocabulary used included mathematical creativity, and creative activities. Based on the inclusion criteria, 82 studies were identified and then according to the exclusion criteria, 44 studies were excluded and finally 38 studies were selected for the final analysis. Based on the findings of data analysis, 5 themes and 21 categories were extracted, which are: Teacher with 5 categories, curriculum and education with 4 categories, social and cultural environment with 3 categories, inclusive with 5 categories and performance environment with 4 categories. Policy makers of educational systems can use the designed model to take appropriate measures and programs to adopt mathematical creativity for students.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of implementing a philosophy for children curriculum on the growth of students' creativity. The statistical population of the study was fifth grade female students in the nineteenth grade of Tehran's education district, of which 56 were selected by convenience sampling and then divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was trained in a philosophy curriculum for children in 16 sessions. Due to the fact that the research design was pre-test and post-test with a control group, the creativity measurement tool was implemented twice before and after the presentation of the philosophy curriculum for children. The data obtained from pre-test and post-test were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The findings of the present study indicated the favorable effect of research intervention on creativity and its subscales. In other words, the findings of the present study indicate that the philosophy for children curriculum has increased the level of creativity of learners and its components, ie flexibility, initiative, expansion, fluidity in the experimental group compared to the control group

Developing learners with self-directed learning competencies is one of the important goals of education. Because self-directed learning is a process through which learners can develop their own knowledge, skills and interests in life.

the main purpose of this study was to present a self-directed learning-based curriculum model with an inverted approach that used theories research methodology to present a desirable curriculum model. The purpose of the research is to create theory and critique conceptual schemas that understand the fundamental nature and structure of curriculum phenomena and processes. In this regard, Using targeted sampling method 147 Farsi and 287 Latin sources have been used to design the curriculum schema based on the self-directed learning with an inverted approach.

After critiquing and analyzing conceptual schemas in the field of self-directed learning and syllabuses, both linear and nonlinear, and the important feature of the reversed curriculum, namely the out-of-classroom environment to the in-class environment, the appropriate schemas for optimal curriculum design. Selected and based on selected conceptual schemas in the field of self-directed learning and curriculum, the basic concepts and components were identified for designing the optimal curriculum.

Finally, based on the implications made, the characteristics and structural relationships of the elements of the self-directed learning curriculum with the inverse approach were also determined and finally the conceptual schema of the self-directed learning curriculum with the inverse approach was extracted.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate skills, dispositions and teaching methods of critical thinking based on the results of related researches. The research approach is qualitative and its method is research synthesis in which related researches are systematically selected, content analyzed and categorized. The study subject has been articles on critical thinking in English since 2014. Out of 120 articles obtained by a purposive sampling, based on data saturation, 31 studies on critical thinking teaching were screened and selected.  After analyzing the data by qualitative content analysis, all the skills and dispositions of critical thinking are arranged according to a new division. Thus, skills are divided into six main categories: recognition, information gathering, analysis, contemplation, presentation, assessment and self-criticism, and dispositions are divided into eight categories: rationality, creativity, flexibility, transparency, organization, self-reliance, exploration and interaction. Then, the teaching methods for reinforcement of critical Thinking’s skills and dispositions has been examined. The research results show that simulation, cooperative, playgroup, group work, six thinking hats, role-play, problem-based, discovery, project-based, Inquiry-based, brainstorming and concept mapping teaching methods have made a significant contribution in most researches on development of skills and dispositions of critical thinking.

The purpose of this study was to systematically study and present a meta-synthesis of theoretical models and research related to the consequences of aesthetic education based on attitudes (beliefs, values) and skills. The research approach was qualitative using a cross-cutting research methodology. The data were analyzed using inductive content analysis with a directional approach, in which recent research was systematically selected, and the content was analyzed and categorized. The study corpus included subject-related research published from 2000 to 2019 in reputable national and international academic data bases. Finally, among the 60 articles and books, 47 were selected by purposive sampling. First, the theoretical bases and the main themes were extracted, coded and classified. The results indicated the conceptual model in the three main classes of attitudes (beliefs, values), cognitive skills and practical (experimental) skills. It should be mentioned that categories overlap in some respects. The results of aesthetic education in the development of consequences such as understanding and enjoyment of beauty, social action, promotion of thinking, learning-based experiences and semantic connection with the real world were emphasized.

The purpose of this study is to systematically study the components that affect the quality of learning environments. In this research, a learning environment has been studied from all aspects. The research approach is of a qualitative nature using the strategy. Recent studies have been selected in a systematic way to find the characteristics and components of the learning environment. The population under study is a research carried out in the last 17 years, conducted through content analysis, categorization and screening. Approximately 33 eligible studies and targeted criteria have been selected, coded and categorized, and patterns , Theoretical foundations and main themes were extracted. Subsequently, using content analysis, 29 subclasses and 7 dimensions were identified, which are: the dimension of the curriculum in the 4 sub-classes, the learner's dimension in the 6 sub-classes, the teacher's dimension in the 4 sub-classes, the dimension of the teaching- learning process in the 4 sub-classes, the physical environment in 4 sub-floors, the content in 2 sub-floors and then the dimension of evaluation, in 4 sub-floors.

Evaluating the proficiency of universities, examining the causes of their efficiency and inefficiency are very important for revising inefficient units. In this research, for efficiency evaluation of the faculties of Persian Gulf University, data envelopment analysis approach and the ideal planning model are used. This method is one of the non-parametric techniques of operations research with a comprehensive and integrated view, which taking into account all the factors affecting the performance of units, it is possible to identify inefficient units. In general, it is difficult to evaluate universities and identify inefficient units due to the complexity and breadth of inputs and outputs using classical methods. Here, a case study has been conducted to evaluate the relative efficiency of the faculties of engineering, humanities, management and economics in the 99-98 academic year of Bushehr Persian Gulf University. First, by examining the background of similar research, inputs and outputs related to the performance of the faculties were identified. Then, by collecting the relevant data from the database of Persian Gulf University, field of mathematical modeling based on the data envelopment analysis approach was prepared with help of Lingo. The results indicate different levels of efficiency and superiority of the Faculty of Economics.

The aim of the present study is to systematically study the meta-analysis method of theoretical models and research conducted in the field of skills of professional managers.Statistical Society of Research; The research resources collected in the last ten years are in the field of managers' skills. Out of a total of 86 articles selected from reputable domestic and foreign databases, 46 were selected for targeted purposes, of which; 21 indicators were identified and finally 5 components were extracted as final components. In this research, first, with the analysis of managers 'skills, coding and classification of information were performed from the researches and the models, theoretical foundations of managers' skills and main categories and themes were extracted. In the next step, the analysis of inductive content and a combination of these categories and the results of this analysis and combinations, the extraction of a conceptual framework in the field of managers' skills around the five main axes, economic, socio-communication, technological, political and cultural components. Introduction Human resources are the wealth of a nation and an organization, and the backbone of any organization is shaped by its human resources. IN order to staff and given the importance of education, organizations strive to grow and develop their workforce and adapt to the conditions by looking at the growth of science and technology and the wide range of developments in the cultural, social and economic fields. One of the best ways to achieve this goal is to provide in-service training for managers and staff. In-service training programs for managers are effective when they are based on their real needs and they volunteer to participate in training. Important in in-service training is skills training, while one of the problems in the training sector, especially in our country, is the lack of a clear pattern of development and therefore the uncertainty of the appropriate direction of skills training in the country). In order to benefit from skills at the individual level that lead to value and excellence and at the organizational level to improve and develop, it is necessary to define criteria for assessing the expected skills of managers and employees of the administrative system to make decisions based on training programs. Case study:Training need to develop, design and implement the capabilities and skills of public managers in the country is to recognize the professional skills of managers in order to focus on less developed skills and improve those skills. Since there is no definite classification and pattern of these skills, the aim of the present study is to develop a model of the skills of professional managers. Therefore, as mentioned below, there is a lot of diversity and divergence in the views and research presented in relation to the skills required by managers, so the issue of the present research is how to develop the skills of professional managers in the government staff training system. Materials and methods The present study is of the applied purpose type, the applied method is qualitative and is of the type of synthesis research and the strategy used is more than combined, which is accompanied by inductive content analysis and then beyond the combined analysis. The purpose of research synthesis is to combine experimental research to create generalizations. Generalizations in which the limits of generalization are also specified.First, with the analysis of managers 'skills and coding and classification of information obtained from research in this field, as well as theoretical models and bases of professional managers' skills, the main categories and themes were extracted.In this research, after coding and selecting the main categories, in the next stage, a combination of these categories was done, which led to the design of a conceptual framework in the field of managers' skills.The statistical population of the study included research on the skills and competencies of managers. In this research, internal and external research in this field in society and statistical sample has been used. The databases from which these articles were selected included Eric, Science Direct Amrald, Science and Technology Information Center Regional Center, Jihad Daneshgahi Scientific Information Database, Humanities Research Institute and Cultural Studies Portal, and more. These articles were published between 2008 and 2018 and 2012-2017. The keywords used included competency skills and professional managers, which selected a total of 86 scientific research articles and carefully examined them, and finally, according to the research criteria, 46 samples were selected and studied purposefully. Took. Data and research findings were classified and analyzed in two dimensions: components and dimensions. The data and resources used were refined and extracted in several stages, and after analyzing and combining the results, they were used in a comprehensive and comprehensive conceptual framework. Discussion and results According to the proposed model and the results of qualitative research and the opinions of scientific and executive experts in the country to improve skills, attention to the development of these skills at the individual level is considered in this study. In individual skills, people are identified according to their skills and abilities, people's spirit of independence in small and large projects is strengthened, and the first and most basic step in achieving such a goal is to accept the concept of person-centered in job design. In general, one of the obvious natural phenomena in all structures of human societies is the existence of differences. A healthy, humane, and efficient administrative system naturally perceives and understands these differences from capabilities and capabilities. The existence of individual differences among people in terms of intelligence, personality, talent, academic achievement, economic and social status and the power of learning content, etc. is one of the most important issues that you will encounter in skills. Obviously, this kind of leveling cannot be completely flawless and can be criticized because it did not have an objective criterion; However, it should be noted that in presenting skills, there is no choice but to scientifically measure skills, carefully determine individual differences, and consider appropriate skills for each person. The skill level can be analyzed individually based on the individual education system approach and based on PSI theory based on chlorine theory. The individual chlorine education system is one of the educational methods that clearly reflects the impact of psychological theory on education. This approach is based on the basic premise that "some people are fast learners, some are slow learners." Conclusion Conceptual modeling and theoretical framework in managers' skills can help improving field studies. Thus, after this combination, theoretical frameworks and previous research in the field of managers' skills can achieve a new conceptual model that includes five main components including economic skills, socio-communication skills, technological skills, political skills and cultural skills that can Help researchers in the field of managers 'skills, and if they use this model, they will be able to consider all aspects of managers' skills.

One of the main tasks of governments is to implement policy. Governments have a variety of responsibilities under the law. However, due to the fact that in some cases, they do not enter or should not enter, some of them delegate those tasks to other departments at their own discretion. Governments try to assume a managerial role by setting rules and regulations and formulating policies. Skills training courses are the key to sustainable development in any country and at present its special importance is not hidden from anyone. In our country, training providers and those in charge of skills and technical training at various levels are very diverse and extensive. Existence of a coherent and dynamic system in the field of training and vocational training courses with a coordinating institution is one of the requirements for quality assurance and promotion of its position in the country. Despite emphasizing its position and also forming a coordinating institution, forming a system. Proportionally efficient, it seems necessary. This study aims to review the policy-making institutions and policy-makers in the field of skills training courses, seeks to describe their current situation and prioritize policy-making institutions and agencies in this field. And in terms of how to collect data is a descriptive survey type. Delphi technique and t-test were used to rank the institutions. The results of this study indicate that among all the studied institutions, seven policy-making institutions affecting skill training courses in the country were determined from the perspective of experts.