paria jangi

The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting internet gaming disorder based on emotional ataxia and behavioral brain systems in adolescents. The descriptive research method was correlation type. The socio-statistics of the research included the students of Bojnord city in the academic year 1402-1401. Among these, 320 people were selected according to the entry criteria using a two-stage cluster sampling method. The tools used in this research included behavioral activator and inhibition scale, emotional dyslexia questionnaire and internet gaming disorder questionnaire. Pearson's correlation test and stepwise regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the dimensions of emotional dyslexia and brain-behavioral systems have a significant correlation with Internet gaming disorder in adolescents. The regression results also indicated that emotional dyslexia, behavioral activation system, and behavioral inhibition system explained 17%, 21%, and 22% of the variance of internet gaming disorder, respectively. Together, these two variables were able to explain 22% of the variance of Internet gaming disorder. Therefore, alexithymia and behavioral brain systems played an important role in predicting adolescent internet gaming disorder; In general, it can be concluded that emotional dyslexia and behavioral brain systems cause symptoms of Internet gaming disorder. The findings of the present research can have practical implications for psychologists in the field of etiology and intervention in Internet gaming disorder sufferers.

 Performing risky behaviors by teenagers will be the most important factor in jeopardizing the health and safety of society in the future. Therefore, the present research was conducted aimed at investigating the path analysis model of the social security feeling and non-observance of law in the tendency toward risky behaviors among adolescents.

 The present research was of applied type in nature and of correlational type in terms of descriptive method. The statistical population of the present study is made up of all 1361 male students secondary school of the twelfth grade of humanities in 15 schools of Urmia city in the academic year of 2020-2021. In order to determine the sample size based on Klein's method (2010), 370 students were selected using the available method. In this research, Mohammadzadeh and Ahmadabadi's risk behavior questionnaire (2008), Mirfardi and Faraji's law non-observance questionnaire (2016) and Niazi and Farshadfar's social security questionnaire (2011) were used. Data analysis was done by Pearson correlation test and path analysis using SPSS 18 and Amos 23.

 The findings showed that there is a negative correlation between social security feeling (-0.40) and the tendency toward risky behaviors at a significant level of 0.01. While, there is a positive correlation between non-observance of law (0.37) and tendency to risky behaviors at a significant level of 0.01. The social security feeling has an impact of 0.503 on the tendency toward risky behaviors with the mediation of non-observance of law. In the research, it could be concluded that once social security is improved, the rate of law non-observance by people will decrease, as a result, the probability of displaying high-risk behaviors by adolescents would be lower.

The aim of this study was to predict driving behavior based on the tendency to Lawlessness in drivers of public transport in Urmia. The method of this research was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study includes taxi drivers in Urmia in 2021. In the present study, 200 taxi drivers were selected using the available method. In the executive process, before sampling, explanations were given to the individuals about the purpose of the study and maintaining the confidentiality of the materials, and at the same time, informed consent to participate in the research was received from the individuals, then questionnaires were received from the sampled taxi drivers. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and Inter regression and SPSS 18 software. Shows a significant correlation between lawlessness and driving behavior, and specifically there is a significant positive correlation between lawlessness (0. 33) with driving behavior. Lawlessness (0. 290) is involved in predicting driving behavior, and the values obtained from the t-statistic indicate a significant prediction of the driving behavior variable. Also, according to the values obtained from (Beta), illegalities (0. 234) have an effect on driving behavior. These results emphasize the role of social inhibitors in driving behavior.

By studying the types of hormones, the role of genetic and hormonal and chemical agents in schizophrenia can be found. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Growth Hormone based on ELISA method on the Treatment of Schizophrenic Patients.

This study was a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest with control group. The study population consisted of all schizophrenic patients admitted to Bostan psychiatric hospital in Ahvaz. A sample of 60 patients was selected using the available method and divided into two experimental and control groups.

In this study, there was significant difference between the level of growth hormone in pre and post-treatment patients. Therefore, more studies are recommended on this hormone (P<0/001).

According to research findings, it can be concluded that changes in growth hormone in the treatment of schizophrenic patients have effect on their treatment.

  Anxiety disorders are induced by cognitive and behavioral inefficiencies. 

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of group cognitive-behavioral training techniques on social anxiety in nursing students.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest follow-up (one month) and a control group design. The statistical population comprised all nursing students of Babol City, Iran. Fifty-four individuals diagnosed with social anxiety were selected using a simple random sampling method. The study groups were tested in three stages; before and after the intervention and follow-up, using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety questionnaire. The experimental group was subjected to 12 sessions of 60-minute under the group intervention of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on social anxiety. However, the control group received no training.  

The obtained results suggested that cognitive-behavioral techniques training was effective on social anxiety. The mean social anxiety scores of the experimental and control groups were significantly different (P=0.004).

Group training of cognitive-behavioral techniques significantly affected the social anxiety of studied students. Moreover, this study suggests the use of cognitive-behavioral group therapy to reduce the social anxiety of nursing students.

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women with an increasing outbreak. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between defensive styles and Islamic quality of life (QoL) with death obsession in women with breast cancer.

This research was a correlational study. The statistical population of the study included 220 female patients with breast cancer; referring to Cancer Patients Association of Gorgan in 2019. According to Krejcie and Morgan’s table, 136 women were selected from breast cancer patients by simple random sampling. Islamic QoL questionnaire of Mohammad Namaqi et al., defense styles questionnaire of Andrews et al., and obsession with death questionnaire of Abdel-Khalek were applied. Data were analyzed; using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation, and stepwise regression.

The results showed that there was a negative significant relationship betweenthe developed defensive style and the Islamic QoL with death obsession (P=0.001).There was a positive significant relationship between the neurotic and undeveloped defensive style with the death obsession (P=0.001). In addition, the results of the regression showed that the Islamic QoL (-0.257) and developed defensive style (-0.196) had the potential for predicting the obsession of death.

These results emphasize the necessity of the role defensive styles and Islamic QoL on the death obsession. So, therapists and counseling in the treatment of cancer for reducing obsession may benefit from paying attention to Islamic QoL and defensive styles.

Aging is a sensitive period in human life. The present study aimed to provide a framework for psychological well-being based on the spiritual intelligence dimensions in the elderly.

The present research was a descriptive correlational study. The study population consisted of the elderly living in the retirement homes of Ahvaz, Iran, in 2019. A total of 320 individuals were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using King’s (2009) Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire and Ryff’s (2002) Psychological Well-being Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the structural equation.

As evidenced by the obtained results, psychological well-being of the elderly showed a significant positive relationship with the subscales of critical existential thinking (r=0.34,  P=0.001), personal meaning (r=0.41, P=0.001), transcendental awareness (r=0.38 and P=0.001), conscious state expansion (r=0.48, P=0.001) and the overall score of spiritual intelligence (r=0.62, P=0.001). In addition, it was observed that spiritual intelligence had a significant direct impact on psychological well-being (β=0.669) and the predictive power of psychological well-being was obtained by spiritual intelligence (R2=0.508).

The obtained results indicated the importance of the relationship between spiritual intelligence and psychological well-being in the elderly.

Hearing impairment in children can cause psychological and communication problems, So the purpose of this research was to investigate the mediating role of Self-Controlled and conflict parents-child in relationship between Psychological Neural Function with Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Deaf Children.

The research method was descriptive-correlational (Structural Equation Modeling) (SEM). The population of this study was deaf children aged 9 to 12 years with oppositional defiant disorder in the Baghcheban complexes of Tehran in 2019. According to the observed 11 variables and assigning a coefficient of 20 to 220 deaf children were selected as sample by single stage cluster sampling. Conners' Psychological Neural Function Scale (2004), Self-Control (1982), conflict parents-child Questionnaire (1979), and the Pediatric Symptoms Questionnaire (1984) were used. The model was evaluated using regression equation method and with using the Spss 24 and Amos 23 software.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between self-control, conflict parents-child and Psychological Neural Function with Oppositional Defiant Disorder in deaf children and 36% of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in deaf children affected by self-control, conflict parents-child and Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Also self-control (-0.28) and conflict parents-child (0.14) mediate the relationship between Psychological Neural Function with Oppositional Defiant Disorder in deaf children (P≥0.01).

In the field of evaluation and treatment of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Deaf children, special attention is paid to Psychological Neural Function problems with emphasis on developing self-control skills and improving communication environment and can play a decisive role.

The main problems of children with learning disorder are in cognition and their sensations. The present study aimed to investigate the comparison of active memory and sensory processing styles in boys and girls with writing learning disorder.

The methodology of this descriptive study was the Control-case study type. The statistical population of this study was all girls and boys by the age of 8-10 suffering from the writing learning disorder in Gorgan City during treatment in a writing disability center in summer of 2018. According to the research methodology, the stratified random sampling method was used and 50 boys and 58 girls were selected from each group as samples. According to research tools, Dunn's profile (1999) was received from the parents of the children and Daneman & Carpenter's ​​ active memory tool (1980) was asked from the children directly, and the information related to processing and storage in the memory was received. Data were analyzed with regard to multivariate variance analysis method.

the results indicate that there is a significant difference between the two groups of boys and girls with writing learning disorder in subscales of processing and storage of the active memory variable and the subscales auditory processing, multisensory processing and indoctrination associated with the physical state of the body motion of the sensory processing styles variable (p <0.01).

with regard to the results obtained, the boys group is in worse conditions in active memory and sensory processing styles, which require a special attention by therapists and more focused therapeutic approaches.

Academic achievement depends on the proper physical, psychological, and functional aspects of an individual. The present study aimed to assess the correlations between academic procrastination and locus of control with academic achievement in nursing students and determine the mediating role of achievement motivation.

This was a descriptive-correlational research, particularly based on structural equation modeling. The sample population consisted of 726 nursing students at Babol University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2018. In total, 508 students were selected via simple random sampling. Data were collected using Herman’s achievement motivation inventory, Solomon & Rothblum academic procrastination scale, and Rotter’s locus of control scale.

There was a significant correlation between achievement motivation (r=0.29; p≤0.01), locus of control (r=0.17, P≤0.01), and academic procrastination (r=-0.19; p≤0.01) with Academic Achievement. The research model was considered fitting, and 0.38 of the academic achievement variance could be explained by achievement motivation, academic procrastination, and locus of control. In addition, achievement motivation played a mediating role in the association between academic procrastination and locus of control.

Reduction of academic procrastination and increased locus of control could promote achievement motivation in students, which in turn improves their academic achievement.

The main problems of children with learning disabilities are in cognition and their sensations. This study aimed to investigate the comparison of working memory and sensory profile in boys and girls with writing disability.

The methodology of this descriptive study was the comparative type. The statistical population of this study was all girls and boys by the age of 8-10 suffering from the writing disability in Gorgan City during treatment in a writing disability center in summer of 2018. According to the research method, the stratified random sampling method was used and 50 boys and 58 girls were selected from each group. According to research tools, the Dunn profile (1999) was obtained from the parents of the children. In the area of Daneman, & Carpenter working memory (1980), questions were asked from the children directly, and the information related to processing and storage in their memory were received. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance analysis using SPSS24 software.

Descriptive findings showed that mean and standard deviation in boys and girls were respectively in Processing (50.32±6.93, 54.22±7.45), Storage (48.47±6.08, 53.17±6.07), Indoctrination associated with the physical state of the body motion (34.28±7.09, 36.91±6.48), Multisensory processing (34.68±5.21, 37.94±6.57), Auditory Processing (31.74±5.84, 35.52±6.59). Also the results indicate that there is a significant difference in the writing disability among processing (P<0.006) and storage (P<0.000) of working memory subscales and the Indoctrination associated with the physical state of the body motion (P<0.000), Multisensory processing (P<0.000) and Auditory Processing (P<0.002), of the sensory profile variable in both the girls and boys with writing disability.

with regard to the results obtained, it can be concluded that the boys group is in worse conditions in working memory and sensory processing styles, which requires a special attention and more focused educational approaches.

The main problems of children with learning disorder are in memory and their sensory processing and it causes children's academic performance not appropriate.

The aim of this study is to investigate of difference of working memory and sensory processing styles in boys and girls with writing-learning disorder. Settings and Design: This was a descriptive and analytic study in the summer of 2018 at a learning disorders center in Gorgan City, Iran.

The study population was all girls and boys by the age of 8–10 years suffering from the writing-learning disorder. The available sampling method was used and 44 boys and 36 girls were chosen. The Dunn profile was obtained from the parents of the children. Daneman and Carpenter working memory, questions were asked from the children directly, and the information related to processing and storage in their memory were received. Furthermore, a demographic questionnaire was used. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using in descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and frequency), independent t-test, and multivariate analysis of variance.

There was a significant difference in the writing learning disorder among processing (P < 0.006) and storage (P < 0.000) of working memory subscales and the indoctrination associated with the physical state of the body motion (P < 0.000), multisensory processing (P < 0.000), and auditory processing (P < 0.002), of the sensory processing styles variable in both the girls and boys.

With regard to the results obtained, it can be concluded that the boy's group is in worse conditions in working memory and sensory processing styles, which requires special attention and more focused educational approaches.

The aim of this study is to investigate the self-abusive behaviors, emotional distress tolerance and irrational beliefs in among opiate and provocative drugs addicts.

In this comparative causative study, the statistical population included all the addicted people who are recovering including 51 opiate drugs addict and 51 provocative drugs addict at Gorgan in 2018 were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Participants were asked to respond to the questionnaires of Mohammadian Self-Horizons Behaviors (2009), Jones's Irrational Belief Test (IBT), and Emotional Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (DTS). Data were analyzed using Analysis (MANOVA).

The results of this test indicate that there is a significant difference in the level of irrational beliefs and tolerance of emotional distress and general self-efficacy behaviors in the two groups in the recovering and addicted men (P <0.001).

According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that incompatible beliefs and uncontrolled emotions in the group of provocative drugs addict are more than opiate drugs addict, and irrational beliefs play an important role in the selection and continuation of maladaptive coping mechanisms and ultimately recurrence.

The first-borns' superiorities over latter-borns in terms of personality, intelligence, and academic achievement are a part of a phenomenon known as "Birth Order" effect. The theories of birth order discus the difference in intelligence and functions of those with birth order. Among these theories Resource Depletion Hypothesis and Confluence Model are prominent. According to these theories the superiority of first-borns over latter-borns can be explained based on their intelligence and academic achievements. This research aims at explaining the role spiritual intelligence, social skills and creativity in relationship between birth order and academic achievement in students. This research is a kind of correlation research based on structural equation modeling method. The 250 samples were selected among 1472 students in 10th grade of Urmia City high schools in the academic year of 2017-2018. Each variable got a coefficient (15). Data gathering tools included the King's Intelligence Scale (2008), Foster and Inerbisent's Social Skills Scale (1992), and Torrance Creativity Scale (1993). The academic achievement was also achieved with Grade Point Average. The findings showed that there is a positive relationship between the birth order, spiritual intelligence, social skills and creativity with academic achievement in students. Furthermore, the research model was confirmed. In general, 38% of academic achievement can be explained by birth order, spiritual intelligence, social skills and creativity. Moreover, birth order showed a positive and direct effect on academic achievement. However, it showed an indirect effect on academic achievement with the presence of spiritual intelligence, social skills and creativity. Based on the results, it can be concluded that paying attention to birth order and variable such as spiritual intelligence, social skills and creativity can improve learners' academic achievement.

Humans always choose behaviors and can have very different results. The aim of this study was to prediction of driving behavior based on emotion seeking and social control in public transport drivers suburban Sari.the method was descriptive correlational.The study population consisted of all vehicle drivers suburban Sari in 2018, which included 460 people. Using sampling targeted and also number of members sample group of 210 sample. The method of collecting data by the four instruments, using the tool, Emotion Seeking Scale Arendt (1994), Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire (1990) and social control questionnaire Ahmadi, et al (2013) was conducted. Result showed a significant correlation between the subscales variable Emotion seeking and control social with driving behavior and between the subscales of Emotion seeking with driving behavior, there are a direct correlation significant at 0.01 level. Also particularly between the subscales of social control with driving behavior inverse correlation are significant at 0.01 level. Also, regression values indicate that the subscales of formal control (0.22), emotional intensity (0.24), unofficial control (0.29) and emotional novelty (0.31) at 0.01 level predictive power Driving behavior. According the results, it is suggested that the rules and regulations for obtaining a driver's license in accordance with emotional behavioral issues be reviewed and traffic laws should be considered based on the role of controlling Abnormal behaviors.

This research aims to study the modeling academic achievement based on the age of entering the school by mediating spiritual intelligence, social skills and creativity in students.

method of research type was correlation research based on structural equation modeling technique, in particular regression equations. In this study, for determining the sample size according to the number of variables observed and assigning a coefficient of 15 for each variables, and taking into account the probability of having incomplete questionnaires,250 were selected as sample size. The statistical population of this study was 1472 students of all 10th grade elementary school students of Urmia high school in the academic year of 2017-2018.Data collection tools were used, King’s Spiritual Intelligence Scale, Inderbitzen&Fooster Social Skills Scale, and Torrance Creativity Scale, The grade score was considered as academic achievement.

The findings showed that the research model was confirmed and, in general, 0.26 of academic achievement can be explained by the age of entry into the school, the spiritual intelligence, social skills and creativity. Also, entering the school with the mediation of spiritual intelligence, social skills and creativity showed an indirect effect on academic achievement.

The results of this study emphasized the necessity of the role of the age of entry into the school, as well as the role of moderating variable of spiritual intelligence, social skills and creativity by students, which could provide applied ideas to improve the psychological state to counselors and learners.

Shyness is a main cause of poor results in the educational environment. The present study aimed at studying relationship between alexithymia (the inability to recognize or describe one’s own emotions) and shyness in nursing students, with mediating roles of loneliness and social identity. This descriptive-correlational study was based on structural equation modeling, specific regression equations, and a statistical population of 658 nursing students at Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences in 2018. A sample of 331 students was selected. To collect the data, Toronto’s Alexithymia Scale, Russell, Peplau and Cutrona’s Loneliness Scale, Safarinia’s Social Identity Questionnaire and Briggs, Cheek and Buss’ Shyness Scale were used. The findings from regression analysis showed that there was a direct effect between alexithymia and shyness and an indirect effect between alexithymia and shyness with mediating factors of loneliness and social identity (P<0.01). In total, alexithymia, feelings of loneliness, and perception of social identity had a predictive power of 0.51% of shyness. The results of this study show the effect of alexithymia and the role of moderating influences on feelings of loneliness and social identity perceptions and shyness among nursing students, which can provide useful practical applications to advisers and trainers in order to improve the psychological state of nursing students.

  The basis of anxiety disorders in cognitive and emotional fields can be effective in coping strategies to anxiety. This research aimed to investigate the mediating role of emotional distress tolerance in relationship between self‑discrepancy with anxiety in people suffering from special phobias.
Settings and Design: The present study was a correlational research with structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study was all individuals suffering from specific phobia disorders in the 5th Azar Hospital in Gorgan City. The sample size selection, which was made by
Loehlin method (2004), was 220 persons suffering from anxiety disorder referring to Psychiatric Clinics of 5 Azar Hospital in Gorgan City and was investigated by purposeful sampling. Data gathering tools included Distress Tolerance Scale, self‑discrepancy questionnaire, and Spielberger State‑Trait Anxiety Inventory. Statistical Analysis Used: The collected data were analyzed using structural regression equations using SPSS 18 and Amos 23 software. The findings showed that the research model is fit and overall, 42% of the anxiety could be explained through emotional stress tolerance and self‑discrepancy, and emotional distress tolerance has a mediating role in relationship self-discrepancy with anxiety. The results of this research emphasized the necessity of self‑discrepancy as well as the role of mediator of emotional distress tolerance in anxiety in people suffering from special phobias, which can provide applied templates for improving the psychological state of anxious individuals with therapists and counselors.

Anxiety disorders can affect all attitudes, behaviors and even individuals state, and these effects in children will be far broader than adults. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the role of traits of extroversion and introversion in relation between girls' anxiety with parental parenting styles.

The research method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population of this study included all 15872 junior girls in Qom city in 2017-2018. Sample size according to the Cochran formula was consisted of 375 girls who were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Baumrind parenting questionnaire, and Spielberger Anxiety Inventory. Data analyzed using statistical tests such as Kolmogrov-Smirnov test and SPSS software.  

The results showed that traits of extroversion and introversion and parental parenting styles have a direct and significant effect on the anxiety in girls (P<0.05). In an indirect way, traits of extroversion and introversion in children show a mediator role in the relationship between parenting styles and anxiety, and in general, the conceptual model was approved. Also, 0.27 of the anxiety variable can be explained by traits of extraversion and Introversion traits and parenting styles.

These findings are based on the family systematic theory on psychological intertwinning of children with parents’ behavior patterns in the family environment and express the effects of personality traits on promoting parent-child relationship health and child anxiety.

Academic achievement always depends on the proper functioning of the physical, psychological and functional aspects of the individual, so this study investigated the relationship between academic procrastination, locus of control and achievement motivation with academic achievement in nursing student. The research method was descriptive-correlational and in particular, Structural Equation Modeling. The population of the study consisted of students of Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2018, in which 494 people (253 girls and 255 boys) were selected as a statistical sample and with simple random sampling. Herman’s achievement motivation inventory (1970), Solomon & Rohblum Academic Procrastination Scale (1984) and Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale (1966) were evaluated. Grade Point Average (GPA) was as academic achievement. In this study, in order to analyze the obtained data in the descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation and in inferential statistics of Pearson correlation test and maximum likelihood estimation and Bootstrap in the modeling of structural regression equations was used. To analyze the data, SPSS 18 and Amos 23software were used. The mean and standard deviation in descriptive statistics showed that academic procrastination (65.47 ± 7.06), locus of control (12.37 ± 3.75), achievement motivation (80.23 ± 7.94) and academic achievement (16.60 ± 1.62). In the inferential statistics, the results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between achievement motivation and locus of control with academic achievement and there is a significant negative relationship between academic procrastination and academic achievement (P≤0.01). The research model was confirmed and in general, 0/38 of academic achievement can be explained by achievement motivation, Academic Procrastination and Locus of Control. Also the achievement motivation is a mediator role in the relationship between academic procrastination and locus of control with academic. In general, there is a relationship between academic procrastination, locus of control and achievement motivation with academic achievement in nursing student. Therefore, with decrease of Academic Procrastination and increase Locus of Control can increase achievement motivation in students and, ultimately improve academic achievement.

In the health care organizations nurses are the largest human resources and play a major role in the quality of services, thus their satisfaction and lack of professionalism conflicts affects the success of the service deliver, So the purpose of this study was to comparison of interpersonal conflicts, Gender beliefs and job satisfaction in male and female nurses in Department of Psychiatry PanjAzar Hospital in Gorgan.

The statistical population of the study was all nurses of Department of Psychiatry, PanjAzar Hospital in Gorgan. This descriptive study was a comparative study conducted in 2018. The statistical population of this study was all nurses of men and women who number (52 women and 50 men) were selected by simple random sampling method. The data were extracted using the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), Bem Gender beliefs Scale (BSRI), and Spector and Jacks Interpersonal Conflict Questionnaire (ICAWS). Also, multivariate analysis of variance analysis using SPSS24 software was used. 

The results showed that there was a significant difference between job satisfaction in male and female nurses, but there was no difference between interpersonal conflicts and gender role beliefs male and female nurses. 

It can be seen that the difference in satisfaction between the two groups is due to the characteristics of interpersonal conflicts and gender role beliefs. Therefore, in order to identify the satisfaction of nurses 'work, reviewing other psychological constructs can be a more effective determinant in increasing nurses' job satisfaction.

The cognitive, emotional, and behavioral-related problems associated with addiction to narcotics in the dependence situation and even treatment is different, depending on the type of narcotics; therefore, the aim of this study was to compare self-destructive behaviors, irrational beliefs, and emotional distress tolerance in two male groups of recovering from addiction to narcotics and stimulants. The research method was descriptive comparative or post-event. The statistical population included all recovered drug addicts in 8 residential centers of Gorgan in spring 2017, 40 of whom were recovering from addiction to the opioid, and 40 patients were recovering from addition to the stimulants. These persons were selected by two-stage cluster sampling method. The data collection instruments were Jones' Irrational Beliefs Test (IBT), Emotional Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), and Self-Destructive Behavior Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by multivariate variance analysis, using SPSS 24 software. There was a significant difference among the need for receiving confirmation from others, the tendency to blame, emotional irresponsibility, high concern with anxiety, avoidance of the problem and dependence on the variables of irrational beliefs and subscales of tolerance and absorption to the negative emotions in the emotional distress tolerance, and self-destructive behaviors in the two groups of men recovering from the opioid and stimulant with 95% confidence interval (p<0.05). Self-destructive behaviors, irrational beliefs, and emotional distress tolerance are in a better position in the men recovering from opioid compared with the men recovering from stimulants.

Anxiety disorders can affect all attitudes, behaviors and even individuals’ state, and these effects in adolescent girls is considered to be far broader than adults. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the girls' anxiety with their parental parenting styles mediated by the traits of extroversion and introversion. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study included all the 15,872 adolescent girls in Qom city in 2017-2018. The sample size according to the Cochran Formula consisted of 375 girls who were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Baumrind Parenting Questionnaire, and Spielberger Anxiety Inventory. The results showed that the traits of extroversion, introversion and parental parenting styles have a direct and significant effect on the anxiety in girls at the level of 0.05. In an indirect way, traits of extroversion and introversion in junior girls show a mediating role in the relationship between parental parenting styles and anxiety, and in general, the conceptual model was approved. Also, 27% of girls' anxiety variance was explained by the variables of extroversion, introversion and parental parenting styles. These findings are based on the family systematic theory on psychological intercourse of adolescent girls with the parents’ behavior patterns in the family environment and on expressing the effects of personality traits on promoting parent-child relationship health and the girl’s anxiety.

This research aims to study the modeling of academic achievement based on the age of entry into the school with mediating of spiritual intelligence, social skills and creativity were done in students and it the type of correlation research based on structural equation modeling technique , in particular regression equations (combining Route Analysis and second Level Factor Analysis ). In this study, for determining the sample size according to the number of variables observed and assigning a coefficient of 15 for each variables, and taking into account the probability of having incomplete questionnaires,250 were selected as sample size. The statistical population of this study was 1472 students of all 10th grade elementary school students of Urmia high school in the academic year of 2017-2018.Data collection tools were used, King’s Spiritual Intelligence Scale, Inderbitzen&Fooster Social Skills Scale, and Torrance Creativity Scale. The findings showed that the research model was confirmed and, in general, 26% of academic achievement can be explained by the age of entry into the school, the spiritual intelligence, social skills and creativity. Also, entering the school with the mediation of spiritual intelligence, social skills and creativity showed an indirect effect on academic achievement. The results of this study emphasized the necessity of the role of the age of entry into the school, as well as the role of moderating variable of spiritual intelligence, social skills and creativity by students, which could provide applied ideas to improve the psychological state to counselors and learners.

this research aims to academic achievement based on the order of birth by mediating spiritual intelligence, social skills and creativity in students were done in students and it the type of correlation research based on structural equation modeling technique , in particular regression equations. In this study, for determining the sample size according to the number of variables observed and assigning a coefficient of 15 for each variables, and taking into account the probability of having incomplete questionnaires,250 were selected as sample size. The statistical population of this study.Data collection tools were used, King’s Spiritual Intelligence Scale, Inderbitzen & Fooster Social Skills Scale, and Torrance Creativity Scale. The findings showed that is a positive relationship between the order of birth, spiritual intelligence, social skills and creativity with academic achievement in students and the research model was confirmed and, in general, 38% of academic achievement can be explained by the age of entry into the school, the spiritual intelligence, social skills and creativity. Also, order of birth with the mediation of spiritual intelligence, social skills and creativity showed an indirect effect on academic achievement. The results of this study emphasized the necessity of the role of the age of entry into the school, as well as the role of moderating variable of spiritual intelligence, social skills and creativity by students, which could provide applied ideas to improve the psychological state to counselors and learners.