heshmatollah khosravinia

This study conducted to compare certain hematological indices, prostate volume and specific antigen (PSA) level in diabetic and non-diabetic men with BPH.

Data on age, body mass index, 11 hematological indices and prostate related variables were collected from the relevant documents for 55 diabetic and 60 non-diabetic patients hospitalized with BPH diagnosis in Shohadaye Ashayer hospital, Khoramabbad, during years 2021-2022. The collected data were undergone t-test, regression and correlation analysis using statistical analysis system.

Blood glucose concentration and prostate volume were greater by 75 mg (44%) and 26 mL (26%) in diabetic compared with the nondiabetic patients, respectively (P<0.01). Serum absolute and relative concentration of PSA in diabetic patients were greater by 0.4 mg and 5.4 mg/ mL than the nondiabetic patients, respectively (P>0.05). Prostate volume was increased by 0.047 and 0.18 (4 fold greater) mL in nondiabetic and diabetic patients, respectively. Correlation values and trends were different in certain parametrs among diabetic and nondianetic patines.

  it was concluded that the pathophysiology of BPH may differ in relation with the greater blood glucose concentrations and its neuropathies in diabetic patients.

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of purslane and garden cress seeds on productive performance, yolk fatty acids profile, blood biochemical parameters and egg quality in Japanese quails. A total of 150 one-day-old quail chicks were randomly assigned to five experimental groups with six replicates including a control diet (without inclusion of remedies) and the diets containing 50 or 100 g/kg either purslane seeds or garden cress for 84 days. egardless of the inclusion level, dietary purslane and garden cress seeds decreased egg mass production compared to the control group (P < 0.05). All experimental treatments reduced yolk cholesterol compared with the control birds, where the diets containing 100 g/kg purslane seed or garden cress were more effective. Feeding birds with a diet containing 100 g/kg purslane seed reduced yolk percentage compared to the other diets (P < 0.05). Birds fed with the diet containing 100 g/kg garden cress showed an increased yolk concentration of mono- (MUFA) and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and a decreased omega-6 fatty acids as well as omega-6 to omega-3 ratio (n-6/n-3; P < 0.05). The diet containing 100 g/kg purslane seed increased yolk concentration of PUFA and omega-6 fatty acids (P < 0.05). The birds fed diet fortified with 50 g/kg garden cress decreased PUFA concentration of yolk (P < 0.05). A greater omega-3 fatty acids concentration of yolk was found in the birds maintained on the diet containing 100 g/kg garden cress while a lesser level was exhibited in those fed on the diet with 100 mg/kg of the same additive. Serum triglyceride concentration was increased in the birds receiving the diet with 100 g/kg purslane (P < 0.05). The diets containing garden cress increased the serum activity of the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme (P < 0.05). Shell ratio, egg-specific weight and yolk ratio were significantly reduced in the birds fed on the diet with 50 g/kg garden cress (P < 0.05). On the contrary, the inclusion of 100 g/kg purslane in the diet decreased eggshell weight, egg-specific weight, shape index, shell thickness and yolk ratio (P < 0.05). Dietary purslane seeds may improve egg quality through a reduced yolk concentration of cholesterol in quail eggs. An improved fatty acid profile, an elevated omega-3 fatty acid, and a healthier n-6/n-3 ratio was observed, particularly with the diet containing 100 g/kg garden cress.

The liver is a major organ that processes mycotoxins, detoxifies them and protects the body against their toxic effects. AFB1 can cause unbalanced fat metabolism, increase lipid deposition in the liver, and suppress the activity of antioxidant enzymes and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Kambucha can have liver protective effects due to its antioxidant compounds, yeasts and acid-producing bacteria. 320 male Ross-308 broilers to evaluate the effect of Kambucha on reducing the degree of aflatoxin toxicity in 2 4 4 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design using 8 treatments, four replications and 10 broilers Used in each replication. The first factor was the amount of aflatoxin in the diet at two levels of zero and 2.5 mg/kg of diet and the second factor was kambucha at four levels of zero, 5, 10 and 15 ml per 100 ml of drinking water. Aflatoxin significantly reduced daily weight gain, feed intake and production efficiency index during the initial, growth, final and overall periods (P˂0.05). During the growth and final period of level 10, kambucha had more daily weight gain compared to other treatments. The use of levels 5, 10 and 15 of kambucha compared to level zero showed a significant decrease in feed consumption (P˂0.05). The use of kombucha, aflatoxins and their interaction had no significant effect on feed conversion ratio (P˃0.05). Kambucha had no significant effect on production efficiency index (P˃0.05). Aflatoxin caused a significant increase in liver weight and fat percentage in broilers (P˂0.05). Kambucha had no significant effect on liver weight and fat percentage (P˃0.05). Aflatoxin significantly increased aspartate-aminotransferase levels and decreased serum alkaline phosphatase (P˂0.05) but had no effect on alanine-aminotransferase levels. Although the use of 15 kambucha had the lowest level of alanine-aminotransferase, it was not significantly different from the level of zero. The use of aflatoxin in the diet significantly increased the level of glutathione-peroxidase and different levels of kambucha significantly reduced the level of serum glutathione-peroxidase (P˂0.05). According to the results, the use of Kambucha at levels of 5, 10 and ml per 100 ml of drinking water can be effective in reducing the negative effects of aflatoxin in the diet.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary levels of milk thistle (MTEO), or nettle essential oils (NEO) on production performance, egg quality and some serum metabolites of white layer hens (Hy-line W-36) aged 60 weeks. A total of 90 birds were randomly assigned to five groups with six replicates of three hens each to study the impact of five dietary treatments consisting of control (as basal diet) and dietary supplementation of different levels of MTEO and NEO (100 and 200 mg/kg). During the experiment period, birds had free accece to feed and water. Dietary supplementation of NEO and 200 mg/kg of MTEO improved egg weight compared to birds that received 100 mg/kg of MTEO (P < 0.05). Also, egg production was greater in 200 mg/kg MTEO treatment than those of birds under control and 100 mg/kg of NEO. Adding MTEO and NEO to the diet exhibited no significant influence on egg mass, feed conversion ratio , and feed intake in laying hens. No change in egg quality characteristics and serum parameters was found in birds fed with MTEO- and NEO-supplemented diets. Diets supplemented with 200 mg/kg of MTEO decreased the percentage of heterophils and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio when compared to control and 200 mg/kg of NEO (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dosage of 200 mg/kg of MTEO could be considered as an dietary feed additive to improve the egg production and immune response in laying hens.

Lactic acidosis occurs as a result of hypoxia and rapid growth of broilers and can be considered as a physiological stress. In two experiments, the effect of extra nutritional levels of vitamin D3 and guanidinoacetic acid was investigated on performance, relative weight of organs, some physiological and behavioral parameters of broiler chicks under lactic acidosis stress.

In both experiments, 144 chickens of Ross 308 strain were used to study the effect of subcutaneous injection of vitamin D3 at 0 (negative and positive controls), 20,000, 30,000, 40,000 and 50,000 international unit and dietary levels of GAA at 0, 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 and 3 g/kg in a randomized complete block design with 6 treatments, 4 replications and 6 birds per replication.

In the first experiment, liver fat concentrations in birds receiving 50,000 IU of vitamin D3 were 21.79% and 19.16% lower, respectively, compared to negative control and birds receiving 30,000 IU of vitamin D3 (p<0.05). In Experiment 2, the survival rate of birds receiving 1.8 and 3 g/kg GAA in the diet was greater than the birds receiving 0.6 and 1.2 g/kg GAA (p<0.05). Behavioral parameters of the birds were affected by vitamin D3 injection as well as GAA dietary levels (p<0.05).

The results show that subcutaneous injection of vitamin D3 at the level of 50,000 IU and adding GAA to diet at the level of 1.8 g/kg has positive effects on modulation of physiological stress caused by lactic acidosis in broilers.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of peppermint essential oils on carcass traits, immune parameters and antioxidant status in pre-slaughter feed deprived broiler chicks. The 4×2 factorial experiment was managed in a completely randomized design with 320 broiler chicks in 8 treatments and 4 replicates of 10 birds each. Treatments included different levels of peppermint essential oils (0 and 200 mg/bird) and preslaughter fasting periods (0, 4, 8 and 12 h). The results showed that using of peppermint essential oils and preslaughter fasting periods on live weight loss in broiler chicks were not significant. The highest water uptake in broilers carcasses was obtained after 12 h of starvation (P<0.05). Using of peppermint essential oils significantly decreased hot and cold carcass weight (P<0.05). The effect of peppermint essential oils and preslaughter fasting periods on white blood cell count and antioxidant status were not significant. In conclusion, daily gavage of peppermint essential oils in broiler chickens had no positive effect on reducing the negative effects of pre-slaughter starvation.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of anti-Escherichia coli bacteriophages on production performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters in broiler chickens. A total number of 168 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were used to exmaine the effects of 7 experimental treatments in 4 replicates of 10 birds each.  Experimental treatments include oral inoculation of 1 ml of bacteriophage TMU1, TMU2, and their mixtures, intramuscular injection of 1 ml of bacteriophage TMU1, intramuscular injection of 0.5 ml of bacteriophage TMU2, intramuscular injection of 0.5 ml of a mixture of bacteriophages TMU1 and TMU1. The control group received oral gavageing and injection of culture medium without bacteriophage. Serum calcium concentration were higher in the birds injected with TMU1 bacteriophage and mixed bacteriophages. Serum concentration of free fatty acids was greater in the birds recieving TMU1 bacteriophage than those injected with TMU2 bacteriophage. The mean concentration of high-density lipoproteins was elevated in in the birds injected with the mixture of bacteriophages compared with those fed with the same treatment. Hepatic aspartate aminotransferase activity was 23.90% lower in the chickens injected with TMU2 bacteriophage than control birds. It was concluded that oral inoculation and intramuscular injection of pathogenic anti-Escherichia coli bacteriophages into healthy birds exhibited no effect on growth performance and carcass components percentage. However, it may provides certain benefits towards birds health indicated by reduced liver enzymes activity.

a reduced circulatorys lipids influences carduvascular health and therefore it may improves productive performance in birds. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects the dietary inclusion of the atorvastatin and gemfibrozil drugs into a pelleted diet on productive performance and immune response in broiler chickens.

a total number of 54, 10-day old broiler chicks were used to examine the efftes of the three experimental treatents. The treatments consisted of a basal diet in the pelleted form (control), and addition of atorvastatin (20 mg/kg) and gemfibrozil (1800 mg/kg) in the same diet. Effects of the treatments were evaluated in a completely randomized design in 9 replicates of 2 birds each.

Inclusion of gemfibrozil into the basal diet improved feed conversion ratio during day 14 to 42 of age (p<0.05). Nosignificant effect was found for lipid-lowering drugs on the proportional weight of the immune organs and differential leukocytes counts. Antibody titer against Newcastle virus showed a significant difference among the treatments at day 21 of age. There was a lower antibody titer against Newcastle virus in the birds maintained on the diet containing gemfibrozil (p<0.05). Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity responses elicited by intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin were not differing among birds receiving basal diet with lipid-lowering drugs atorvastatin and gemfibrozil.

No significant effect of lipid-lowering drugs atorvastatin and gemfibrozil were found on immune system function in broiler chickens.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Chromochloris zofingiensis and Spirulina platensis extract on productive performance, blood parameters and antioxidant status in broiler chicken. A total of 400 male broiler chickens (Ross 308 strain) were used in a completely randomized design with five treatments with four replicates and 20 chicks per each. The broilers were fed a standard diet supplemented with Chromochloris zofingiensis and Spirulina platensis extract (0, 0.2, and 0.4 percent) from 1 to 42 days. Results showed that adding of Spirulina platensis extract (0.4 percent) in broiler's diet significantly increased production index from 1 to 14 days old (P<0.05). Supplementing with Chromochloris zofingiensis extract (0.2 percent) resulted in significant increases in the production index from 29 to 42 days old (P<0.05). The highest content of production index was observed in group supplemented with Spirulina platensis (0.4 percent) from 1 to 21 days old (P<0.05). The highest content of breast meat was observed in group supplemented with Chromochloris zofingiensis extract (0.2 percent) (P<0.05). The serum concentration of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine, urea and HDL were not influenced by dietary levels of Chromochloris zofingiensis and Spirulina platensis extract. Supplementation of Chromochloris zofingiensis extract significantly decreased the serum concentrations of LDL (P<0.05). Dietary levels of Chromochloris zofingiensis and Spirulina platensis extract showed no effect on serum malondialdehyde level. In conclusion, diet supplementation with Chromochloris zofingiensis (0.2%) and Spirulina platensis (0.4%) extract improved production index and carcass quality in broilers.

A number of 144 male Ross-308 broiler chicks (18-day old) were used to investigate the effects of extra nutritional vitamin D3 levels on the physiological response of broiler chicks exposed to lactic acidosis stress. Effects of the six experimental treatment consisting subcutaneous (SC) injection of 0 (control- and control+), 20000, 30000, 40000, and 50000 IU of vitamin D3 were examined in four replicates of six birds in a complete randomized block design during days 21 to 29 of age. Lactic acidosis is a form of metabolic acidosis that begins when a bird overproduces or underutilizes lactic acid, and their body is not able to adjust to these changes. Liver fat percentage decreased in the birds receiving 50000 IU of vitamin D3 compared with the control birds (P < 0.036). Administration of 30000 IU vitamin D3 enhanced serum concentration of creatinine by 18.52 percent compared with the control+ birds (P < 0.0001). Injection of 50000 and 40000 IU vitamin D3 decreased serum concentration of lactate dehydrogenase by 24.99 and 19.81 percent, respectively, compared with the control+ birds (P < 0.0003). The mean serum activity of alanine aminotransferase in the birds receiving 20000 IU vitamin D3 was greater by 28.57, 18.84, and 17.32 percent, compared with the control+ birds and those received 40000 and 50000 IU, respectively (P < 0.008). It was concluded that administration of extra nutritional vitamin D3 up to 50000 IU per bird resulted in broad but inconsistent changes in the blood biochemical and enzymatic parameters in birds exposed to lactic acid. No firm evidence was found to suggest a protective effect vitamin D3 on the incidence of sudden death syndrome in broilers during lactic acidosis.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of pre-slaughter feed withdrawal (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 h) and thermal treatments (-4 to -6, 22 and 38 to 40 ºC) on carcass features as well as certain blood parameters using 450 male broiler chickens during days 35 to 42 of age. Effects of the 15 experimental treatments evaluated in a 3×5 factorial fashion in 3 replicates of 10 birds each in a completely randomized design. Water uptake significantly reduced when birds subjected to eight hours of pre-slaughter feed withdrawal (P<0.05). Heat stress before slaughter increased weight loss and decreased thigh meat pH at 24 h postmortem compared with the birds kept in normal ambient temperature (P<0.05). Cold and heat treatments resulted in significant decrease and increase, respectively, in the rectal temperature of the birds (P<0.05). Blood potassium concentration decreased in the birds subjected to 8 h pre-slaughter feed removal (P<0.05). Acute heat exposure during pre-slaughter period significantly decreased blood concentration of phosphorus compared with the birds kept in normal ambient temperature (P<0.05). It was concluded that pre-slaughter starvation up to six hours exert no significant effect on water uptake and other variables concerned in broiler carcass. Exposure to a high ambient temperature imposes a greater negative impact than cold stress on pre-slaughter feed deprived broiler chickens.

This study was conducted to examine the effects of physical form of diet on humoral and cellular immune responses in broiler chickens exposed to carbon tetrachloride stress in days 10 to 42 of age. The 2×3 factorial experiment performed in a randomized complete block design with 468 broilers in 6 treatments and 6 replicates of 13 birds each. The treatments consisted combinations of a grower diet in three physical form (mash, pellet and crumble) and injection of carbon tetrachloride (0 and 0.5 ml/kg of body weight). Birds fed with mash diet consumed greater feed and broilers fed with the same diet in crumble form had the lowest feed intake (P<0.05). The injection of carbon tetrachloride in broilers decreased lymphocytes (P<0.05). Greater percentage of monocytes and neutrophils were observed in the birds injected with carbon tetrachloride (P<0.05). Carbon tetrachloride injection resulted in a significant decrease in antibody titer against influenza at 42 days of age (P<0.05). It was concluded that carbon tetrachloride poisoning independent of diet physical form, may impress immune response in broiler chicken due to reduced lymphocytes.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of diet containing inclusion of carvacrol, menthol and thymol at 400, 200 and 200 mg/kg, respectively, on performance, cell-mediated and humoral immune response using 96 broiler chicks in a completely randomized block design in 12 replicates of 2 birds each. Feed intake reduced in birds received diet containing menthol during days 14 to 42 of age (P<0.05). No changein weight gain and feed conversion ratio were observed in birds fed with supplemented diets compared with control birds (P>0.05). Mean antibody titer against infectious Bursal and Newcastle viruses was not differ for the chicks received diets supplemented with carvacrol, menthol and thymol at day 42 of age (P>0.05). Proportional weight of immune organs including the bursa of fabricius, spleen and thymus was not affected by the addition of monoterpens in diet at day 42 of age (P>0.05). The percentage of heterophils in blood was lower in birds grown on menthol-added diets than in control chicks (P<0.05). The experimental diets reduced the inflammation induced by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) injection at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after injection during days 32 to 35 of age (P <0.05). Based on dermal inflammation caused by PHA injection, carvacrol, menthol and thymol did not stimulate cellular immunity but showed significant anti-inflammatory activity.

The present study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of different levels of herbal additives of milk thistle and nettle on performance indices, immune parameters and egg yolk cholesterol. A total of 90 laying hens were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups, 6 replicates of 3 birds each in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments included control group and different amounts of milk thistle (0.5 and 1.5%) and nettle (0.5 and 1.5%). Results showed that adding of milk thistle (1.5%) to laying hens ration improved egg mass and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Using of milk thistle and nettle had not effect on shell quality. The highest yolk index was found out in the eggs from hens that were fed 1.5% of milk thistle in contrast to hens fed the control treatment without milk thistle (P<0.05). Egg yolk cholesterol amount was not affected by different levels of milk thistle and nettle powder. There were no significant differences in concentrations of glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and HDL in plasma. Using of milk thistle (1.5%) fortified immune indices by decrease of heterophile percentage and heterophile to lymphocyte ratio (P<0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the supplementation of laying hens diet with milk thistle (1.5%) has positive effects on performance and immune system.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding of L-carnitine and Satureja Khuzistanica extract on hatchability, post-hatch performance and carcass traits in broiler chickens. A total of 560 fertile eggs of Ross 308 strain (36-wk-old breeder flock) were assigned randomly to seven treatments with four replicates and 20 eggs per replicate. Treatments included control group (noninjected), dry punch, physiological saline injection, in ovo injection of L-carnitine (20 and 30 mg) and in ovo injection of Satureja khuzistanica extract (10 and 20 mg). Treatment solutions were injected into the air sac on d 17 of incubation. After hatch, 10 chicks per each replicate were distributed in pens and reared up to 42 d of age. The highest and the lowest rate of hatchability were observed respectively with injection of L-carnitine (30 mg) and Satureja khuzistanica extract (20 mg) into fertile eggs (P<0.05). In ovo administration of L-carnitine (30 mg) increased hatch weight of broiler chicks compared to other groups (P<0.05). The highest body weight gain in broiler chicks after hatch were observed in fertile eggs injected with 30 mg of L-carnitine (P<0.05). In ovo injection of L-carnitine (30 mg) into fertile chicken eggs at 17 d of incubation improved feed conversion ratio of broiler chicks after hatch (P<0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the in ovo administration of L-carnitine (30 mg) had positive effects on hatchability, hatching weight and feed conversion ratio in broiler chicks.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of black cumin powder on performance, yolk cholesterol content and egg oxidative stability in laying hens. A total of 96 Leghorn laying hens (Hy-Line W-36) of 25 weeks old were randomly distributed among eight cage replicates of three birds each. Experimental diets consisted of different levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 g/kg of diet) of dietary black cumin powder. The experimental period lasted for a total of 6 weeks. The results showed that the highest feed intake observed in hens were fed with rations included 15 g/kg of black cumin (P<0.05). Supplementation of black cumin had no significant effects on egg mass and feed conversion ratio. The effect of black cumin on shell quality indices were not significant. The highest egg yolk weight obtained from hens were fed the black cumin supplemented diet (15 g/kg of diet) (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in yolk cholesterol and malondialdehyde content between hens fed black cumin supplemented diets and hens fed the control diet. Therefore, it can be concluded that adding of black cumin (15 g/kg) to laying hens diet had positive effects on feed intake and egg yolk weight.

Phytogenic products are considered as nonantibiotic feed additive which may exert their possible appreciate effects on poultry performance and health through stimulated digestive secretions. This study was conducted to examine the effect of dietary Satureja khuzistanica powder (SKP) on pH of intestine contents, bile secretion and composition, and liver as well as blood lipids in Isfahan native breeder cocks. Thirty-six 40-wk-old Isfahan native breeder cocks were individually caged and randomly allotted to three groups of 12 birds each and fed with diets containing 0 (control), 20 or 40 g/kg SKP for 10 weeks. At the end of experimental period all birds were killed and used for data collection on dry weight and pH of intestine segments, liver, bile and blood variables. Mean pH value in ceca contents was lower in the birds received diets containing 40 g/kg SKP compared with control cocks (P>0.05). Addition of SKP in diet at 20 g/kg significantly decreased liver lipids compared with the birds fed on control diet and the diet containing 40 g/ kg (P<0.05). Liver score based on external appraisal of the organ was improved in the cocks fed with SKP-supplemented diets compared with control birds (P <0.05). It was concluded that supplementation of diet with SKP could improve liver health and function in breeder cocks through reduced total lipids accumulation in liver. However, SKP does not exert cholinergic effect in cocks.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplemented with zinc oxide (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 mg /kg of diet) and vitamin E (Vit E; α-tocopherol acetate; 0 and 40 IU/kg of diet) on fertility and hatchability of Japanese quails, and growth performance and immune response of their progenies. A total of 960 Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) 70 d of age were housed in cages and randomly allocated to 10 treatments with 4 replicates of 24 birds in each (sixteen females and eight males). Dietary supplemented zinc and Vit E significantly increased hatchability (P≤0.05). There was a significant effect of Vit E on breeder quails fertility, while zinc supplementation was reduced embryonic mortality at the second stage (10-16 day) (P≤0.05). Supplemental zinc significantly improved feed conversion ratio of offspring in the first three weeks of age, while added Vit E improved feed conversion ratio only in the first week of offspring growth (P≤0.05). Dietary supplementation of Japanese quail’s ration with zinc and Vit E increased immune response of offspring, and enriched Zn content of tibia bone of offspring increased with zinc supplementation. In conclusion, supplementing breeder Japanese quails ration with zinc and Vit E improved hatchability and growth performance and immune response of offspring.

This study was carried out to examine the effect of supplementation of canola and fish oils (5% fish oil, 3% fish oil 2% canola oil, 2% fish oil 3% canola oil and 5% canola oil) and Satureja khuzistanica essential oils (SkEO) (0 and 400 mg/kg), into a basal diet on productive performance, meat cholesterol, lipid stability and certain blood lipid components in broiler chickens raised under normal and heat stress conditions during day 22 to 42 of age. The experiment was conducted in a 4×2×2 factorial expriment using 640 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks in a completely randomised blocks design with 5 replicates of 8 birds in each replication. Oil source significantly decreased FCR, serum LDL and cholesterol content in thigh and breast muscles at day 42 of age. Inclusion of 400 mg/kg SkEO in diet significantly increased daily weight gain and decreased cholesterol content and TBARS concentration in thigh and breast muscles in heat stressed chicks. Heat stress condition significantly decreased FCR and increased TBARS as well as cholesterol content in breast muscle and serum cholesterol concentration during day 22 to 42 of age. It was concluded that supplementation of 400 mg/kg SkEO and canola oil into diet could have a positive effect on productive performance and reduce the meat and serum cholesterol concentration in broiler chicken.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementing diets of milking cows monensin supplementation alone or in combination with Methafix (a commercial product containing malate and fumarate) on nutrient digestibility, milk production and composition and milk fatty acids profile. Using four multiparous Holstein milking cows (657± 12 kg of live weight; 133 ± 41days in milk) in a Latin square design. The cows were randomly assigned to one of the four dietary treatments. The first treatments was the control diet(C), second was control diet supplemented with 24 mg of monensin/kg of DM (M), the third was control diet supplemented with 5 g of Methafix/kg DM (ME) and the fourth treatment was C diet supplemented with 24 mg of monensin in combination with 5 g of Methafix/kg DM (MM). Dietary supplementation with Monensin alone or in combination with Metafix significantly decreased dry matter intake (P<0.05), while the intake of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) were not affected. The digestibility of organic matter (OM) and CP were significantly lower in M and MM-fed cows than the other cow (P<0.05). Total tract apparent digestibility of NDF and NFC were lowest in the cows fed with MM diet. Dietary treatments had no effect on fat and energy corrected milk production, milk fat, protein and lactose concentrations, utilization efficiency of N and NEL (P>0.05). Utilization efficiency of dry matter for milk production was higher in monensin and Methafix-supplemented cows than in control cows (P<0.05). Supplementing milking cow rations with monensin alone or in combination with Methafix significantly (P<0.05) increased milk fat concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (cis9, trans11). In conclusion, the results of this study showed that supplementing mid-lactating cows with monensin or Methafix would increase milk yield, but had no effect on milk components. Dietary supplementation of milking cows with monensin and Methafix alone or together had no effect on majority of milk fatty acids, but elevated milk concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans 11).

Satureja khuzistanica is an endemic plant distributed in southern part of Iran. It is well-known for its antimicrobial, antioxidant and therapeutic virtues. This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of supplementation of drinking water with Satureja khuzistanica essential oils (SkEO) on litter quality and external carcass defects using 420 one-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks. Seven experimental treatments consisting supplementation of drinking water with 0 (control-), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g/ L SkEO or 3.0 g/ L polysorbate 80 (control+) were examined in three replicates of 20 birds each up to day 28 of age. Water intake significantly reduced in a dose-dependent linear fashion in the birds received SkEO-treated water compared to the control birds (P<0.05). Litter moisture, pH and caking percent were significantly decreased by inclusion of SkEO in drinking water of the birds (P<0.05). SkEO-supplemented water decreased the incidence of severe (lesions with score 3 and 4) foot pad lesions, hock burns and breast blisters at the day 42 of age (P<0.05). It was concluded that supplementation of drinking water with SkEO could improve litter quality and reduce external carcass defects in broiler chicken mainly through reduced litter moisture and litter microbial load.

Effects of post-hatch fasting (PHF) and subcutaneous injection of Ca-gluconate (Ca-g) on productive performance, immune response and mortality of broiler chicks were investigated using 640 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks in a 5×2 factorial experiment with five PHF levels (0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h) and two Ca-g injection levels (0 and 0.7 ml) in a completely randomized block design in four replicate pens of 16 birds each up to day 28 of age. The extended PFD up to 36 h significantly decreased body weight and percentage of monocytes and increased mortality of the chicks. Injection of Ca-g increased mortality of the birds by six-fold compared with the control birds (P

Our objective was to determine the effect of inclusion of dried de-oiled savory (Satureja khuzistanica; DDS) on production performance and fatty acids composition of longissimus muscle (LM) of finishing lambs. Thirty Farhani lambs with average body weight of 33. 6±1. 4 kg were used. The lambs were randomly divided into five groups and individually fed with the experimental diets. In the experimental diets، alfalfa was replaced by dried de-oiled savory at the levels of 0 (control diet)، 25، 50، 75 and 100 percent. The lambs were finished for 60 days with a 15-day adaptation period. During the finishing periods the lambs were weighed individually every 15 days and average daily gain، average feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were determined. At the end of experiment، the lambs were slaughtered. Samples of LM along with subcutaneous fat were taken from the region of twelfth and thirteenth ribs post-mortem and their fatty acids profile were determined by gas chromatography. The results of current study showed that the experimental diets had no effect on production parameters of lambs assessed (P>0. 05). Saturated fatty acids content of LM was higher in the lambs fed with diets in which alfalfa was replaced by DDS at the level of 25 percent than those fed with diets in which alfalfa fully replaced by DDS (P<0. 05). The lambs fed on diets in which alfalfa was replaced by DDS at the levels higher than 25 percent had numerically higher saturated fatty acids in their LM compared to control diet-fed lambs. The results showed that dietary inclusion of DDS at the level of 75 percent instead of alfalfa numerically increased poly-unsaturated fatty acids content of LM. Dietary replacement of alfalfa with DDS at the levels of 25 to 75 percent numerically lowered the proportion of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids of LM compared to the control diet.

Inclusion of antioxidant sources in feed or water reduces the detrimental effects of free radicals and increases the antioxidative potential and stability of lipids in heat stressed broiler chicken. This study was conducted to examine the effect of Satureja khuzistanica essential oils (SkEO) on early postmortem and ultimate pH as well as antioxidative potential of breast muscle in broiler chicken. A total number of 720,1-d-old Arian broiler chicks were used in a 42-d trial to examine the effects of six experimental treatments consisting inclusion of 0 (control-), 200, 300, 400, 500 mg/L SkEO and 500 mg/L Polysorbate-80 (control+) in drinking water in six replicates of 20 birds each in a completely randomized blocks design. Catalase enzyme activity (by kinetic method) and glutathione peroxidase as well as superoxide dismutase activities (via Randox® kits) were measured spectrophotometerically. Lipid peroxidation also was measured in breast muscle by a chemical method with thiobarbituric acid. The breast percentage and early as well as ultimate pH of breast muscle was not differ for the birds received SkEO-treated water compared to the control birds (p>0.05). Addition of SkEO in drinking water at doses greater than 200 mg/L significantly decreased the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values in breast muscle of the birds in comparison with the control birds (p<0.05). Catalase activity was significantly higher in breast muscle of the SkEO-treated groups than the control groups (p<0.05). Activity of glutathione peroxidase was significantly greater in the birds given 400 and 500 mg/L SkEO. Addition of SkEO into water up to 400 mg/L increased superoxide dismutase activity in breast muscle of the treated birds compared to the control birds. It was concluded that supplementation of drinking water with SkEO elevates the antioxidative potential and increases the lipid stability of breast muscle in heat stressed male broiler chicken.

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of in yolk-sac administration of olive oil (0 and 0. 7 ml) on productive performance and breast development of broiler chickens exposed to post-hatch fasting stress (0، 12، 24، 36 and 48 hours). A total number of 800، 1-day-old broiler chicks in a completely randomized block design with 10 treatments and 4 replicates were used. Live body weight of broiler chicks exposed to 24 and 36 hours post-hatch fasting was significantly lower compared to control group (P<0. 05). Extending of post hatch fasting up to 48 hours induced compensatory growth in broiler. Administration of olive oil to yolk sac significantly increased mortality rate and negatively affected production efficiency index (P<0. 05). In day 28، fasting and administration of olive oil showed no significant effect on breast external dimensions and on major and minor pectoral is muscles weight (P<0. 05). It is concluded that 24 and 36 hours Post-hatch fasting had negative effect on broiler performance and that injection of 0. 7 ml olive oil was reduced performance of broiler chickens exposed to post-hatch fasting.