فهرست مطالب حمیدرضا جوشقانی

Type 1 diabetes is a metabolic disorder in glucose metabolism. Poor glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) commonly leads to oxidative stress and further diabetic complications. Trace elements, such as magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), play a role in the process of lipid peroxidation, pathogenesis, and exacerbation of diabetic complications. The present study aimed to investigate trace elements in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Golestan province in 2022.

This case-control study was conducted on 26 children with type 1 diabetes and 26 non-diabetic children. After 12 hours of overnight fasting, 2 ml of venous blood was taken from the samples. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 18) using chi-score and logistic regression tests at a significance level of 0.05.

The serum level of zinc was lower than the normal level in 42.3% of children with diabetes and 15.4% of the non-diabetic group. Moreover, the serum levels of copper and magnesium were lower than normal in 7.7% and 11.5% of children with diabetes, respectively. Body mass index, gender, and duration of diabetes demonstrated no significant relationship with zinc, copper, and magnesium levels.

Having type 1 diabetes causes a decrease in serum levels of zinc and copper in children. According to body mass profile, gender and duration of diabetes are not associated with this serum reduction.

 About one billion people have infected with the influenza A virus each year. The continued spread of SARS-CoV-2 especially in the winter season may increase the co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 with other respiratory viruses, which may worsen the severity of the disease and increase mortality. In respiratory infections, primary identification of the underlying source of infection is necessitated to find appropriate treatment and to improve individual patient management. Therefore, it is essential to accurately and immediately diagnose these two diseases. This study aimed to assess the frequency of influenza A, influenza B, and COVID-19 among individuals suspected of having a respiratory infection.

 In this study, 861 patients presenting from 19 November 2021 to 18 January 2022 in Kavosh medical laboratory (Golestan, Gorgan, Iran) with suspected viral respiratory tract infection who underwent RT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2/influenza were included. Data analysis was performed using appropriate descriptive statistics.

A total of 184 patients were confirmed with COVID-19/influenza. 90 patients with COVID-19 (48.9%) and 94 patients (51.1%) with influenza (92 with influenza A and 2 with influenza B) were collected in the present study. The influenza/COVID-19 ratio was 1/0.95. Two cases of co-infection with COVID-19/influenza were observed. During the influenza season, the influenza/COVID-19 ratio in patients with suspected respiratory infection was 1/0.95. Patients with influenza were significantly younger than patients with COVID-19 and the proportion of males and females was not meaningfully different in the COVID-19 and influenza patients.

Gene mutations leading to thrombophilic disorders and changes in blood coagulation factors during pregnancy play an important role in the occurrence of recurrent abortions. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between polymorphism of thrombophilic genes and coagulation factors in women with recurrent miscarriage.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 29 women with a history of recurrent abortions (at least three times) were investigated. Demographic data were collected. Total genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood. The presence or absence of mutation in factor II (G20210A), factor V Leiden (G1691A), factor V HR2 (H1299R), MTHFR C677T, and MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms were assessed by PCR.

Coagulation factors and thrombophilic mutations had no significant association with recurrent miscarriage.

The results obtained in this study showed that none of the studied polymorphisms could justify frequent abortions in women. Therefore, it is suggested to evaluate genetic factors in normal individuals or immediate and extended family of the study population with no miscarriage history.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fish size and seasonality on the epidermis structure and protein profile of the skin mucus of Rainbow trout. Skin mucus samples were collected over three consecutive season periods including late winter, mid spring and early autumn. In each season, sampling was performed separately from three different weight groups including 2-20 gr fish (W1), 100-200 gr fish (W2) and 400-600 gr fish (W3). The results of histological analysis showed that goblet cell density and epidermal thickness increased with increasing temperature from winter to autumn in all weight groups. In juvenile (W1 fish), the size of goblet cells was not affected by the season, while in larger fishes (W2 and W3), the size decreased with increasing temperature in the autumn. There was a positive and significant relationship between fish size and density of goblet cells. Biochemical analysis of skin mucus showed that protein concentration increased simultaneously with an increase in goblet cell density. The protein profiles of rainbow trout mucus showed seasonal variations in all three weight groups. In autumn, the small proteins with molecular weights less than 35 kDa were more prominent, while these proteins were not observed in the winter. There were no significant differences in the mucus protein profile among different weight groups

Gilbertchr('39')s syndrome is a relatively common genetic disorder, which is caused by defection in uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase enzyme. The indirect bilirubin increases in this syndrome, although the function of the liver is normal. Gilbertchr('39')s syndrome can be seen in 3 to 10% of different populations. According to the differences in ethnic groups in Golestan Province, no studies have been conducted on the prevalence of the syndrome in the province, so far.This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of suspected Gilbertʼs syndrome in Golestan province in north of Iran.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 1664 subjects with 18-45 years old referring to rural and urban health centers in Golestan province, North of Iran during 2014. Liver function tests were normal in subjects. Fasting blood samples were taken from each subject and total bilirubin was tested. People with a total bilirubin of more than 1.5 mg/dl were treated with a single oral dose of rifampin 600 mg. After taking rifampicin, the individuals with an indirect bilirubin level of more than 1.3 mg/dl were found suspected of Gilbert’s syndrome.

The prevalence of suspected Gilbertchr('39')s syndrome was 5.8%. Moreover, suspected Gilbert’s syndrome was more common in males than females (10% in males and 4.3% in females) (P<0.05). According to ethnicity, the prevalence of suspected Gilbertchr('39')s syndrome was 5.4%, 5.4%, and 6.8% in Sistani, Fars and Turkmen subjects, respectively. This difference was not significant. The prevalence of suspected Gilbertchr('39')s syndrome in three ethnicities was higher in males than females and it was statistically significant in Sistani and Fars ethnicities (P<0.05) but not significant in Turkmen ethnicity.

Suspected cases of Gilbertchr('39')s syndrome were more common in men than women, and more prevalent in the Turkmen ethnic group.

Selenium is an essential mineral found naturally in soil, water, and some foods. Today, selenium, as an antioxidant, is one of the vital elements in the human body. Although the human body needs a small amount of selenium daily, recent studies have shown that the same small amount of selenium is essential for maintaining healthy body function. It is challenging to choose the right dose of selenium. According to several studies in this present review, a daily supplement of 31.5-200 micrograms seems beneficial since the amount of selenium in various diseases is less than the amount in healthy people. The articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and SCOPUS databases were screened and collected based on the keywords including selenium, oxidant, antioxidant, diabetes, cancer, toxicity, heart disease and liver disease. These keywords were chosen because of the antioxidant role of selenium as well as the prominent role of oxidation in the progression of these diseases. 150 articles published over a period of 20 years from 2000 to 2020 were used in this study. Articles about nano-seleniums, non-dietary supplements, and diseases caused by the underlying disease of metabolic syndrome were excluded and finally 121 articles were included in the study. A limited number of studies show that patients with multiple disorders may need to take higher doses of selenium (82.4 to 200 micrograms) than healthy people. In this study, seleniumchr('39')s antioxidant role in chronic metabolic disorders, including hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, and some cancers, were investigated. Also, the clinical significance of selenium deficiency in metabolic diseases, as well as clinical and experimental observations on the effect of selenium dietary supplements in the treatment of chronic metabolic diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis, and cancers, are briefly mentioned. Besides, the recommended toxicity and dose of selenium have been discussed.

Encapsulation is a process; by which, a susceptible compound is surrounded with a membrane or matrix that is able to release its contents at a controlled speed under certain conditions. In recent years, popularity of adding bioactive compounds to food products has increased. These compounds are usually sensitive to environmental, processing and/or gastrointestinal conditions. Therefore, encapsulation is an appropriate option to protect these compounds against harsh conditions. Nanoliposomes are made from edible compounds and therefore are common for encapsulation, protection and controlled release of bioactive compounds in foods. The objective of this study was to investigate properties of nanoliposomes loaded with quinoa seed protein hydrolysates.

In this study, nanoliposomes loaded with quinoa seed protein hydrolysates (without and with chitosan coating) were assessed for their particle size, zeta potential and antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS radical inhibition activity. Furthermore, effects of six weeks of storage in refrigerator conditions were assessed on the stability and properties of nanoliposomes. Hydrolysis was carried out using alcalase and pancreatin enzymes.

Results showed that particle size increased from nearly 22 nm in control sample to 40 and 70 nm in samples with and without chitosan coating, respectively. Moreover, disintegration index in the sample with chitosan coating (No. 2) was improved, compared to control sample with further uniform distributions. Zeta potential changed from -9 MV in control sample to -4 and 26 MV in samples without and with chitosan coating, respectively. Microencapsulation efficiency over six weeks of storage at refrigerator temperature was 40% in sample No. 1 (sample without chitosan coating) and 65% in sample No. 2 (sample with chitosan coating).

Encapsulation of hydrolyzed quinoa proteins using nanoliposome and its coating with chitosan improve various characteristics of nanoliposomes such as particle size, decomposition index and zeta potential, improving particle stability by decreasing its release rate during storage and causing high storage ability of the active compounds in nanoliposome structures.

Antioxidants are used to decrease oxidation of oils and increase shelf life of foods for centuries. Nowadays, researchers investigate for the replacement of synthetic antioxidants with antioxidants from natural sources. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of quinoa enzyme-hydrolyzed proteins on functional and antioxidant properties of the produced peptides.

In this study, proteins of the quinoa seeds were extracted and hydrolyzed with alcalase and pancreatin enzymes. The hydrolyzed proteins were assessed for the degrees of hydrolysis, solubility, emulsifying capacity, foaming capacity and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, reducing power, ABTS radical scavenging activity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and iron and copper ion chelating activity were used to assess the antioxidant properties.

Results showed that the enzymatic hydrolysis significantly increased solubility, foaming capacity and emulsifying capacity, especially at isoelectric point and acidic pH. Free radical scavenging of DPPH (from 16.85 to 56.04%), hydroxyl radical scavenging (from 26.31 to 63.91%), reducing power (from 0.44 to 0.95 absorbance at 765 nm), ABTS radical scavenging (from 30.01 to 68.42%), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (from 0.73 to 1.83 mM), iron ion chelating activity (from 36.91 to 70.64%), and copper ion chelating activity (from 3.76 to 10.76%) increased to the highest levels after enzyme hydrolysis.

Results of this study have shown that enzymatic hydrolysis can improve functional properties of the quinoa seed proteins. Antioxidant capacity of the hydrolyzed proteins is significantly higher than non-hydrolyzed proteins. Improvement of the functional properties and antioxidant capacity of the hydrolyzed proteins depend on hydrolysis time and enzyme type.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. It is a functional bowel disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain and alternation of bowel habits with no structural abnormality. The prevalence of this disease was estimated 10-20 percent in the world. However، the cause of IBS is still unknown. Regarding to intestinal absorption disorder of nutrients، the malabsorption of vitamin may occur. The aim of this study is to evaluate serum levels of vitamins A and E in IBS patients.

This case - control study was done on 94 patients whom their IBS disease were confirmed by a gastroenterologist in Golestan province. The control group was selected from healthy people، who didn''t show any signs of digestive problems in past two years. The age and sex were matched with the cases group. Using HPLC method، Fasting blood samples were collected. Followed by measurement of Serum levels of vitamins A and E.

the meanserum levels of vitamin A and E in patients and control group were 57. 0 ± 114. 8μg / dl and23. 8 ± 55. 9 μg / dl، and 0. 50 ± 0. 24 mg / dl and 1. 93 ± 1. 86 mg / dl، respectively. (P <0. 05). in men، the deficiency of Vitamin A and E، were7. 70 and 7. 10 percent and 6. 76 and 3. 7 in women. (P <0. 05). In general، 1. 1percent of IBS patients showed Vitamin A deficiency and 93. 6 percent of them had vitamin E deficiency (P <0. 05).

In this study، a significant decrease in vitamin E levels was observed in patients with IBS. Due to antioxidant activity of vitamin E، the deficiency of this Vitamin، can increase the oxidative factors leading to intestinal damages and it is expected to decrease the amount of vitamins، subsequently

Celiac is a hereditary disease presented with chronic inflammation of small intestine. Several studies supposed a relationship between Celiac disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Tissue trans-glutaminase antibody is one of the best serological markers in Celiac disease. This study was designed to evaluate the association of Celiac and IBD using tissue trans-glutaminase antibody.

In this descriptive study 127 confirmed IBD patients who were referred by gastroentrologists 2005-08 enrolled into the study. A questionnaire was completed and tissue trans-glutaminase antibody was evaluated with ELISA method with a Cut-off=12 U/ml.

Among 127 referred patients, serum samples of 102 patients were collected. Mean±SD of age was 36.17±15.2 years and 48% were males. Ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease and other colitis were observed in 76 (74.5%), 7 (6.9%) and 19 (18.6%) of patients, respectively. Tissue trans-glutaminase antibody was positive (19.8 U/L) in one 46-years-old male patient with ulcerative colitis.

Tissue trans-glutaminase antibody titer was not significantly different between IBD patients and controls, thus it seems not appropriate to suggest as one of the routine tests in IBD patients.

The Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungi that can be pathogenic in patients suffering from diabetes and AIDS. This organism can cause various infections such as superficial of the skin and mucosa to deep tissue infections. In this study the antifungal effects of ZnO and SDS on Candida albicans in comparison with Fluconazole were investigated.

This was an experimental study which evaluated the antifungal effects of biocide SDS and ZnO on Candida albicans by microbroth dilution assay in broth and agar medium. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determinated for each inhibitor during colony count in comparison with control.

MIC of ZnO was 1.013-296 µg/ml and for SDS and Fluconazole were 0.001-0.56 and 0.062-128 µg/ml respectively.

This study demonstrated antifungal activity of ZnO can be a candidates for the elimination of candida in medicine particular in medical instruments.