فهرست مطالب معصومه ژیان باقری

Family functioning refers to the effectiveness of family members in emotional communication, family rules, family communication and coping with external events.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural pattern of family functioning based on religious orientation in working men and women of Hamedan city with the role of mediator of resilience.

The current research was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. The research population included all married men and women working in government organizations in Hamadan city in 1400-1401. The sample size was 335 working men and women available by non-random sampling method. Family functioning questionnaire (FAD), religious orientation scale (ROS) and resilience scale (RISC) were used. Data analysis software was SPSS-21 and AMOS-24.

The results showed that religious orientation (β = -0.518 and p = 0.001) and resilience (β = -0.236 and p = 0.001) have a direct effect on family functioning and religious orientation mediates resilience on Family performance was also significant at 0.1 level. In the following, the indirect relationship of the proposed model was investigated, and a significant value was obtained for the approximation index of goodness of fit (PCLOSE) of 0.001 and the RMSEA index equal to 0.073, which indicated the fit of the model.

The results showed that religious orientation can explain the functioning of the family with regard to the role of resilience, so psychologists are recommended to strengthen the functioning of the family and strengthen the foundations of families by holding psychological workshops centered on religion and spirituality. With the help of resilience training to administrative staff. These people help.

Beliefs about drug cravings hold considerable sway in the realm of substance abuse and addiction. Delving into the contributing factors influencing these beliefs, including self-efficacy and psychological distress, offers valuable insights into the perpetuation and establishment of addiction among men engaged in methamphetamine abuse.

The primary objective of this study was to forecast the correlation between self-efficacy, psychological distress, and drug craving beliefs among men abusing methamphetamine. The specific emphasis was placed on investigating the intermediary function of self-efficacy and psychological distress within this correlation.

The research employed a descriptive-correlational approach utilizing structural equation modeling as the methodology. The statistical population encompassed men between the ages of 20 and 65 who engaged in methamphetamine abuse during the period of 2022 to 2023. Utilizing specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 262 individuals were chosen through convenience sampling. These participants completed questionnaires evaluating craving beliefs, depression, anxiety-stress, and general self-efficacy. Data analysis was conducted employing the structural equation method and SMARTPLS software.

The examination of fitness indicators against the proposed causal model validated the suitability of the established model. Findings from the direct standard regression coefficients indicated that psychological distress correlates with heightened drug use craving beliefs. Additionally, psychological distress exhibited a direct and adverse impact on self-efficacy, while self-efficacy demonstrated a direct and negative influence on craving beliefs. Furthermore, self-efficacy was identified as a mediator in the connection between psychological distress and craving beliefs.

Psychological distress diminishes self-efficacy, contributing to persistent cravings for ongoing substance abuse over the long term.

In recent years, due to the increase in suicide attempts and the resulting social problems, the need to pay attention to planning for suicide prevention is felt more than ever. The aim of the present research was to investigate the effectiveness of group-based reality therapy on direct and indirect self-destructive behaviors in adolescent girls who have attempted suicide.

This was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population included all high school adolescents who had attempted suicide in the first and second high schools of the district 17 of Tehran, Iran, in the academic year of 2021-2022. There were 65 of them, of which 16 people were randomly selected in two experimental (8 people) and control (8 people) groups using available sampling method. The experimental group received 8 one-hour sessions of reality therapy training. The control group did not receive any training. Klonsky and Glenn utilized questionnaire on self-destructive behaviors to gather data. The obtained information was analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

The reality therapy approach had a significant effect on reducing direct and indirect self-harming behaviors, and the effectiveness of reality therapy on direct self-destructive behaviors was more than indirect self-destructive behaviors.

Reality therapy can be effective in controlling the behavior of teenagers and fostering their sense of responsibility towards their work.

Chronic pain is a debilitating condition, in which the person with pain faces so much suffering and medical expenses. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) with Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on anxiety sensitivity in women with chronic pain.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group with 2-month follow-up. The statistical population included all women with chronic pain in the back and spine who referred to the specialized and physiotherapy clinic of Imam Reza Hospital in Islamshahr in 2022. 45 people were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned into three equal groups The experimental ISTDP and MBCT groups received 8 sessions each (one 1-hour session per week), but the control group did not receive any interventions. Demographic information checklist and Taylor and Cox’s Anxiety Sensitivity Index were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA.

In the linear combination of anxiety sensitivity variables and dimensions of physical, cognitive, and social symptoms according to group membership and pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages, the interaction effect of group and time was significant (F=218.063, p<0.001 & η=0.603). The difference in the average score of ISTDP with MBCT with the control group was significant in anxiety sensitivity and its dimensions with Benferroni test (p<0.001), However, no significant difference was observed between the effectiveness of the two intervention methods (p>0.05).

Both intervention methods had a positive effect on anxiety sensitivity in women with chronic pain. These findings can be promising in planning rehabilitation and treatment interventions for these patients along with conventional medical treatment.

Paying attention to the level of health and psychological well-being of students as the most important future-makers of the country is of great importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate and present a predictive model of their psychological well-being based on mindfulness mediated by coping styles.

The method of this study was descriptive-correlational which was done by structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of the study included undergraduate students of Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran (Iran), three hundred sixty five of whom participated in the study through cluster sampling. In order to collect data, mindfulness, coping styles and psychological well-being questionnaires were used. The reliability and validity of the instruments were confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis. To analyze the data, structural equation method was used with Amos software.

The results of this study showed that the effect of mindfulness on problem-oriented style and psychological well-being is significantly positive, but its effect on emotion-oriented style and avoidance style is significantly negative. The effect of problem-oriented style on psychological well-being is positive and significant, but the effect of emotion-oriented style and avoidance style on psychological well-being is not significant. Also, the mediating role of problem-oriented coping style about the effect of mindfulness on psychological well-being is significant.

The results showed that the predictive model presented has a good fit and the variables of mindfulness and problem-oriented coping style are effective in psychological well-being.

The aim of this research was to predict acceptance of responsibility in mothers of intellectually disabled students. The current research is part of applied research in terms of its purpose and correlational studies in terms of method. The statistical population included all the mothers of mentally retarded students in the age range of 6 to 18 years (about 900 people) who were studying in exceptional schools in Qazvin city in 2019-2020. Among them, 246 people were randomly selected as a sample. The tools of this research included the Lazarus and Folkman Coping Strategies Questionnaire (WSQ) (1984), King's Spiritual Intelligence Scale (SISRI) (2008), and personality traits. The analysis method of this research was simultaneous regression analysis. The findings showed that flexibility and existential thinking can predict the acceptance of responsibility of mothers of students with mental disabilities and explain 3.9 of the variance of the acceptance of responsibility variable (p<0.05). It is concluded that flexibility and critical existential thinking play an essential role in predicting the acceptance of responsibility.

This descriptive and correlational research examines family functioning based on religious orientation while mediating forgiveness in working men and women in Hamedan. The current research was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. In 2021-2022, the research population comprised all married men and women working in government organizations in Hamedan. The sample size was determined using Tabaching et al.'s (2007) technique, which resulted in a sample size of 335 men and women collected by non-random convenience sampling (online method). Data were collected using the Family Assessment Device (FAD), Epstein, Baldwin, and Bishop (1983), the Religious Orientation Scale (ROS) of Azarbaijani (2003), and the Interpersonal Forgiveness Scale (IFS) of Pollard et al. (1998). The structural equation analysis method was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the direct effect of the components of religious orientation (b = -0.514) and forgiveness (b=-0.170) on family performance is significant, and religious orientation with the mediation of forgiveness on family performance is also significant at the 0.001 level. which indicates the fit of the model. As a result, orientation according to the role of forgiveness can explain the performance of the family.

Methamphetamine abuse has caused problems in the prevention and treatment program due to its destructive effects on the brain and intense temptation with significant psychiatric symptoms. Lack of emotion regulation skills along with dysfunctional cognitive beliefs increases the desire to use methamphetamine. Emotion regulation in methamphetamine abusers has been studied in previous studies, but the study that examines the craving beliefs of drug use based on negative psychological symptoms with the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulty in the researched population. Slow, not found.

This study was conducted with the aim of modeling the prediction of craving beliefs of methamphetamine use based on negative psychological symptoms with the mediating role of difficulty regulating excitement in men abusing methamphetamine.

The method of the present study was descriptive-correlation, structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all male methamphetamine users aged 20 to 45 living in addiction treatment centers affiliated to the Isfahan Welfare organization in 1401-1400, and the sample included 262 people who were selected by available sampling method. The data collection tools included three questionnaires: Craving believes questionnaire (Beck and Clark, 1993), Stress, Anxiety, Depression Scale (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995), Diffiiculties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz and Romer, 2004) and for analysis The data were also used from structural equation modeling test and path analysis to check the fit of the presented model with the obtained data and SMARTPLS-3 software.

The findings of this research showed the causal model of drug craving beliefs based on negative psychological symptoms has a good fit with the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulty in methamphetamine users living in addiction treatment centers in Isfahan Province. (P>0.05).

According to the findings obtained in the current research that the weak emotional self-regulation of people in the long term causes their ineffectiveness in controlling addiction withdrawal and this eventually causes the influence of tempting beliefs on the continuation of drug abuse, therefore it is suggested to reduce the craving beliefs of drug use, used training methods to improve emotion regulation.

Pain management in breast cancer patients should be seen what is related to emotion regulation. In patients with emotional problems and anxiety, vitality and resiliency can be good predictors for controlling their negative emotions. This study aimed to explain the pain management model based on rumination mediating vitality and resiliency in women with breast cancer.

The research method was descriptive correlation modeling (structural equations). Participants in this study were women with breast cancer referred to all medical centers (hospitals and private and public clinics) in Tehran, among which 273 were randomly selected. To measure the research variables, rumination response questionnaires, vitality questionnaire, resiliency scale and pain management, and Spearman correlation coefficient test and path analysis, and SPSS.22 and LISREL 8.80 software were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that the indirect and direct effect of rumination on pain management by mediating role of vitality was significant (P≤0.05). The indirect and direct effect of rumination on pain management by mediating role of resiliency was significant (P≤0.05).

It can be concluded that the pain management model based on rumination with vitality and resiliency mediation in women with breast cancer has sufficient fitness.

The aim of this research was to predict stress coping strategies based on primary maladaptive schemas and spiritual intelligence in the mothers of intellectually disabled students. The current research is part of applied research in terms of its purpose and correlational studies in terms of method. The statistical population includes all the mothers of mentally retarded students in the age range of 6 to 18 years (about 900 people) who were studying in exceptional schools in Qazvin City in 2019-2020. Among them, 246 people were randomly selected as a sample. The tools of this research included Lazarus and Folkman Coping Strategies Questionnaire (WSQ, 1984) and King's Spiritual Intelligence Scale (SISRI, 2008), Young Schemas Short Form (YSQ-SF) (2005). The regression was in the simultaneous method. The findings showed that the domain of cut and rejection, self-management and impaired performance, other orientation, listening to excessive bells and inhibitions, impaired limitations with problem-oriented coping strategies, and negative relationship and is significant and has a positive and meaningful correlation with emotion-oriented coping strategies. Also, the relationship between spiritual intelligence and problem-oriented coping strategies is positive and significant, and negative and significant with emotion-oriented coping strategies. Also, in total, the variance of the strategies variable is 50.7 for problem-oriented coping, and 14.5 variance for emotion-oriented coping strategies variable is explained by predictor variables (p<0.05). It is concluded that the primary maladaptive schema, spiritual intelligence in Finding strategies to deal with stress plays a fundamental role.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Trans Theoretical Model on diabetes self-management and HbA1C level in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The method of this study was applied and quasi-experimental designs of pre-test-post-test and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of 25-55 years old diabetic patients referred to one of the health centers in Ghaemshahr in 2020, among which 30 people were selected by purposeful sampling method and were assigned to two groups of Trans Theoretical Model (n=20) and control group (n=20). Data were obtained through Tobert and Glasgow Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (2002) and glycosylated hemoglobin test (HbA1c). For data analysis, repeatedly measuring variance analysis (MIX) and SPSS-22 software were used.

The results showed that cognitive-behavioral group had a significant effect on diabetes self-management (F=38.01, p<0.001) and hypoglycemia (F=1.48, p=0.021). Also, the effectiveness of Trans Theoretical Model on diabetes self-management and HbA1C levels in patients with type 2 diabetes remained stable three months after the intervention.

It can be concluded that Trans Theoretical Model was effective on diabetes self-management and HbA1C level in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Domestic violence has been one of the most common social harms throughout human history, and due to its widespread effect, the pathology and treatment of this phenomenon has always been the focus of therapists. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of the revised protocol of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy on psychological distress and immunoglobulin A concentration in women victims of domestic violence.

The present semi-experimental study conducted in 2019 used a pre-test-post-test method with a control group. The statistical population included women who were victims of domestic violence referring to the Family Court, Health House, Warm House and Counseling Centers in Alborz, Karaj Province, and 40 people were randomly selected from among these people by available sampling and divided into two experimental and control groups. Data were collected by domestic violence questionnaire, psychological distress and immunoglobulin concentration level test in three stages and one-month follow-up for both groups. In the experimental group, the cognitive-behavioral protocol focused on trauma was implemented during 8 sessions (one 90-minute session per week). The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests of analysis of covariance and repeated measures analysis.

The findings indicated that cognitive behavioral therapy focused on trauma between the two groups for the components of depression F=35.62 at the 0.001 level, anxiety F=32.38 at the level of 0.001, and stress F=25.96 at the 0.001 level. The level of 0.001 psychological distress has created a significant difference at the level of 0.001, F = 11.85.

Based on the results obtained from the present research, it can be acknowledged that the revised protocol of cognitive-behavioral therapy focused on trauma reduces psychological distress and increases immunoglobulin A in women who are victims of domestic violence.

Domestic violence is one of the social issues as old as a society and, due to its extensive scope of impact, it has always drawn the attention of therapists in terms of treatment and pathology.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the revised protocol of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy on psychological distress and the quality of life among female victims of domestic violence.

The present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of female victims of domestic violence, who were referred to the court, health centers, homeless shelters, and counseling centers in Karaj, Alborz province in 2020, of which 40 people were selected using the convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The data collection tools included the Psychological Distress and Quality of Life questionnaire. The subjects in the experimental group received the trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral protocol in eight 90-minute sessions. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS-20.

The findings indicated that the trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy caused significant differences between the two groups in psychological distress (F=64.87) at the significance level of 0.001, quality of life - mental health (F=121.19) at the level of 0.001, and quality of life - physical health (F=108.27) at the significance level of 0.001.

Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the revised protocol of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy can reduce psychological distress, and increase the quality of life in female victims of domestic violence. It, as a preventive program, can also be applied in support, health, and treatment centers and increase the efficiency of female victims of domestic violence.

Dementia or Alzheimer, a major neuro–cognitive disorder, is characterized by significant cognitive decline. Caring for Alzheimer patients is one of the most challenging types of care and leads to a decrease in the "mental health" of caregivers. Many caregivers of patients sometimes experience anxiety related to their health. Mental health is affected by different factors, such as ambiguity intolerance, a tendency arising from negative beliefs about ambiguity or uncertainty and its consequences and implications, which is an essential predictor of anxiety and mental health. Caregivers of Alzheimer patients may experience varying degrees of ambiguity due to their patient's physical condition, which makes them prone to physical and mental problems. The present study aimed to explain the structural pattern of the relationship between ambiguity intolerance and mental health symptoms with the mediation role of health anxiety in female caregivers of Alzheimer patients.

The research method was analytical correlational. The statistical population of this research included all the female caregivers of Alzheimer patients referred to the Alzheimer Association in Tehran City, Iran, in 2019. Of them, 320 people were selected voluntarily. The inclusion criteria were female gender, age over 25 years, history of caring for a patient with Alzheimer disease for more than one year, no simultaneous use of psychiatric drugs and psychotherapy, and no chronic physical diseases and hospitalization. By contacting the researcher after being fully informed about the research objectives, volunteers in the study sent their details and a manuscript to review the inclusion criteria and declare informed consent. Symptom Check List–90–Revised (Derogatis et al., 1976), Ambiguity Tolerance Scale–II (McLain, 2009), and Health Anxiety Questionnaire (Salkovskis et al. 2002) were used to collect data. Structural equation model and SPSS–24 and AMOS–24 software, and a significance level equal to 0.05 were used for data analysis.

Results:

 The present study showed that the hypothesized model had fitness with the collected data (χ2</sup>=70.63, χ2</sup>/df=1.91, CFI=0.975, GFI=0.943, AGFI=0.898, and RMSEA=0.067). In the present study, the direct path coefficient between ambiguity intolerance and mental health (p=0.001, β=0.250), the direct path coefficient between health anxiety and mental health (p=0.019, β=0.136), and the direct path coefficient between ambiguity intolerance and health anxiety (p=0.001, β=0.241) was positive and significant. In the present study, the indirect path coefficient between ambiguity intolerance and mental health was positive and significant (p=0.043, β=0.032).

Based on the findings of this research, health anxiety mediates the relationship between ambiguity intolerance and mental health in caregivers of Alzheimer patients. It is suggested that to increase the mental health caused by caring for Alzheimer patients, training courses should be held to focus on health anxiety and ambiguity intolerance in them.

Due to the adverse effects of domestic violence and trauma on women's physical and psychological health, the aim of this study was to investigate post-traumatic biological experiences in women victims of domestic violence. The aim of the present study was to determine and post-traumatic biological experiences in women victims of domestic violence.

In the present qualitative study conducted with the content analysis approach in 2021, the data were analyzed through secondary data analysis, semi-structured interviews with 50 women victims of domestic violence by thematic analysis.The basic theory method was collected using theoretical sampling at each stage according to the analysis of previous data from women who wished to do the interview. Data in this study were analyzed by Corbin and Strauss methods.             

Data analysis led to the extraction of 3 explanatory categories, 20 interpretive categories and 64 descriptive categories, which were: 1. Post-traumatic behaviors experienced (coping behaviors, vengeful behaviors, turning to alcohol and smoking, affecting physiological responses, suicide attempts, and passive behaviors), 2. Post-traumatic emotions experienced (low self-esteem) , Fear, anger, hatred and lack of pleasure in life) and 3. Thoughts experienced after trauma (constant fear, feeling of helplessness and misery, wishing to die, hating being a woman, comparing oneself with others, hating oneself, thinking about divorce , the desire to kill a wife, lack of love for children, desire for betrayal, contemplating suicide, indifference, remorse for marriage, thinking of revenge and hatred of men.

Based on these results, women exposed to domestic violence have many problems in the area of experienced behavior, experienced emotions and thoughts experienced after traumatic experiences. These findings can be useful in assessing the risk, determining treatment pathways, and managing domestic violence in women victims.

Students are one of the most talented and promising segments of society and future builders of their country, and their level of health and psychological well-being will have a significant impact on learning and increasing their scientific awareness and academic success. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate a structural model of psychological well-being based on negative life events and mindfulness with emphasis on the mediating role  of coping styles.

The method of conducting the present study was descriptive correlational of structurequational type. The statistical population of the study were the undergraduate students of Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran, 365 of whom participated through cluster sampling. They responded to questionnaires on negative life events, mindfulness, coping styles, and psychological well-being. The reliability and validity of the instruments were confirmed using Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis. To analyze the data, structural equation method was used with Amos software.

The results showed that the effect of negative life events on the problem-oriented style and psychological well-being is negative and significant. The effect of mindfulness on the problem-oriented style and psychological well-being is positive and significant. The effect of problem-oriented style on psychological well-being is positive and significant. The mediating role of problem-focused coping style in the relationship between negative life events and mindfulness with psychological well-being is meaningful

The results showed that the model presented among the students of Shahid Beheshti University has a good fit and confirmed the role of the variables of negative life events, mindfulness and problem-oriented coping style in psychological well-being.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group meaning therapy based on Quranic teachings on life expectancy in women with breast cancer.

The present research method was quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test designs. The statistical population of the present study included all 400 women with breast cancer in Tehran in 2017-17. Available sampling method was used and from women with breast cancer in the age range of 30 to 50 years who referred to the chemotherapy department of a hospital in Tehran, 30 people were selected and divided into two experimental and control groups and 15 people in each group based on inclusion criteria. And were selected to exit the study. Individuals in the experimental group underwent group therapy based on Qur'anic teachings during 8 1-hour sessions twice a week. The research tools included Schneider et als (1991) life expectancy questionnaire.

The results of this study showed that group meaning therapy based on Quranic teachings is effective in increasing life expectancy (P <0.01).

According to the findings of the study, it can be concluded that to increase the life expectancy of women with breast cancer can be used group meaning therapy based on Quranic teachings.

The war usually has widespread individual, social, economic and cultural consequences that have a significant impact on physical and psychological problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of religiosity and resilience with the welfare of the wives of the war veterans in Karaj.

The research method was descriptive correlational. The statistical population consisted of 3750 veterans' wives in Karaj. The sample population consisted of 249 people who were selected according to Cochran formula by available sampling method. In this study, the research tools included Serajzadeh et al.’s religiosity questionnaire, Conor & Davidson’s resiliency questionnaire and Reef’s psychological well-being questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and stepwise multiple regression analysis. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Findings showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between religiosity components and psychological well-being at the level of 0/01. Also among the five components of resilience, there was a significant linear relationship only between the three components of spiritual influences, negative affect tolerance, and positive acceptance with psychological well-being. Individual competence and control variables did not play a role in explaining the psychological well-being of war veterans' wives.

Considering the fact that the variables of religiosity and resiliency are significant predictors of psychological well-being, it is possible to enhance the psychological well-being of devoted spouses by providing such capacities in educational situations.

Social networks are a new generation of possible new resources, and by using the way they can allow you to do so, they can move in their own way in the virtual world with your consent, so that they can enjoy different perspectives. The purpose of this study was to prediction of social network addiction based on maladaptive schemas & cognitive distortions by mediating family's emotional atmosphere variable in students. For this purpose, in a descriptive correlational study, 348 female students of the Faculty of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch were selected by available sampling method and in terms of social network addiction, early maladaptive schemas, cognitive distortions and emotional atmosphere of the case family were evaluated. The Evaluation of standard coefficients of research showed that the variable of maladaptive Schemas was 62% (β = 0.62) and the cognitive distortions were 20% (β = 0.20). The effect of Family's Emotional Atmosphere. It was also found that the family emotional climate variable had a 74% effect on social network addiction (β = 0.74). People with mental-emotional vacuum within themselves, with tendencies Extreme social networks respond artificially to their vacuum and need.

The women’s menstrual experience is a development which transforms entire their existential structure. There are some factors and problems which affect menstruation and make its experience harder for women. Present study aimed to assess effectiveness of existential psychotherapy and Lazarus’s multimodal therapy on alleviation of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) symptoms of suffered women.

Semi-empirical method was used for determining approaches effectiveness. Statistical population included all women suffered from premenstrual syndrome who had come to the Hazrat Rasoul hospital in Tehran city, and sample group included 30 persons from target statistical population which were chosen randomly. Participants were divided to 3 groups (2 examination groups and 1 controlling group). Abraham Taylor semiotics measuring tool was used for collecting data for identifying premenstrual syndrome symptoms intensity during two steps of pre-examination and post-examination. Experimental groups were treated by Existential therapy and Multi model therapy of Lazarus in group method in 10 sections while controlling group received no interventions.

Existential psychotherapy method looks useful for mental and physical symptoms reduction of women suffering from premenstrual syndrome.

Data analysis using covariance analysis and U Mann Whitney test and Friedman showed that Existential therapy lead to mental and physical symptoms reduction of premenstrual syndrome in suffered women, while Multi model therapy of Lazarus was not effective so much.

The purpose of this study was to predict job satisfaction based on Islamic lifestyle and spiritual well-being in nurses. The study was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population included all female nurses in Takht Jamshid Hospital of Karaj this year. Sample size was also randomly selected using Cochran formula (n = 144). Questionnaire was used for data collection and correlation and univariate regression tests were used for data analysis at the significant level (P <0.05). The results showed that Islamic lifestyle and its components (social, beliefs, worship, ethics, financial, family, health, thinking and science, security and chronology) and spiritual well-being and its components (relationship with God, self, others and nature) can predict job satisfaction. Therefore, it is recommended to organize workshops on spiritual well-being and Islamic lifestyle in order to increase nurses' job satisfaction.

The purpose of this study was to determine The Relationship between Attachment Styles with Happiness & Marital Satisfaction in Married Female Students. Research

The research method was descriptive correlational. The statistical population of this study was all married female students of Islamic Azad University of Karaj in the academic year 2018. Statistical sample was selected based on Cochran formula and available sampling method was 200 people. Research tools included the Adult Attachment Styles Questionnaire of Hazen and Shaver (1987); Azrin, Nester & Jones Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1973) & Olson Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1998).

Correlation test and regression analysis were used for data analysis. The findings showed that there was a direct and significant relationship between secure attachment and marital satisfaction. There was also a significant negative relationship between avoidant attachment styles with marital satisfaction, secure type with marital satisfaction, and avoidant type with marital satisfaction (P <0.05). Discussion and

According to the results, it can be said that with increasing secure attachment style, marital happiness also increases. & with increasing insecure-avoidant attachment style, anxiety decreases marital satisfaction. Hence, it is suggested, with workshops by authorities in the field of mental health on the one hand and educational programs related to families about how to deal with children and parenting on the other hand, the incidence of marital satisfaction in the future. Also prevent malicious behavior.

This study aimed at the relationship between Islamic life-style with educational self-efficacy and educational resiliency in university students. This study was a correlational – descriptive design. The study population has consisted of all students of the faculty of psychology in the Islamic Azad University of Karaj in the educational year of 2018-2019. Sample size assessed 200 students based on Cochrane formula and the sample selected by simple random sampling method. Instruments for gathering data were Islamic Lifestyle Questionnaire (Kaviani, 2009), Educational Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Owen and Freeman, 1988) and Educational Resiliency Questionnaire (Samuels, 2004). Then, the data were analyzed using SPSS.v21 software and statistical tests such as the Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Based on study findings, there was a statistically significant relationship between Islamic life-style with educational self-efficacy and educational resiliency in university students. Too, the results of regression analysis indicated that sub-scales of beliefs, family, and health significantly predicted 19 percent of change in educational self-efficacy. Furthermore, 32 percent of the variance in educational resiliency can explain with sub-scales of beliefs, family, health, thought and science and security. So, it seems that Islamic lifestyle can improve educational self-efficacy and educational resiliency in university students.

As a psychological stressor, war imposes a wide range of consequences in a variety of personal and social contexts. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of religious commitment with hardness and mental health in veterans' spouses.
Instruments and This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in 2017 among all veterans' spouses with injury percentage of 25-49% in Karaj. Based on Morgan's table, 250 people were selected as sample, using simple random sampling method. For data collection, Worthington's Religious Commitment Inventory, Kobasa’s Hardiness Questionnaire, and Mental Health Questionnaire were used. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis tests, using SPSS 24 software. There was a positive and significant correlation between religious commitment and hardness (r=0.206; p=0.040), mental health (r=0.122; p=0.027), and its components including physical symptoms (r=0.273; p=0.027), anxiety (r=0.239; p=0.023), social dysfunction (r=0.319; p=0.037), and depression (r=0.239; p=0.042). Also, 4% of variance of hardness (p=0.05) and 15% of variance of mental health (p=0.02) were predicted by religious commitment. There is correlation between religious commitment with hardness and mental health among veterans' spouses; as the veterans' spouses with high religious commitment have more hardness and mental health.