جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « پروپوفول » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Due to the desired effects of combination therapy to provide lesser drug complication and better sedation quality during operation and the lack of any studies investigating the effects of Sodium thiopental and Propofol, in Combination with Ketamine During Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery, we decided to do the present study.

In this randomized, double-blinded clinical trial, 60 candidates for elective cataract surgery were divided into two groups, A and B. Group A received sodium thiopental-ketamine, and group B received Propofol-ketamine. Sedation score, hemodynamic parameters of patients before, during, and after surgery, Side effects, and patients’ and surgeons’ satisfaction were recorded and analyzed by the anesthesiologist and compared in the two studied groups.

According to the statistical results, the surgeon's satisfaction was significantly higher in the group receiving thiopental sodium-ketamine. However, there was no significant difference in hemodynamic parameters in both groups during surgery and the recovery period. Heart rate and blood pressure in both groups first decreased and then increased. Also, there was no significant difference between the study groups regarding the sedation score during and after surgery. On the other hand, headache was seen in the two patients in the group receiving Propofol-ketamine. The patient's satisfaction was not significantly different in both groups, and demographic characteristics didn’t affect the results.

Based on current results, the thiopental sodium-ketamine combination is preferred to use during Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery under topical anesthesia and intravenous sedation.

Cesarean hemorrhage is a common but preventable cause of maternal death and placenta invasion is a major cause of cesarean hemorrhage. This study aimed to compare inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane and Propofol anesthesia in cesarean bleeding in these patients.

This study was conducted as a randomized clinical trial with 15 placental adhesion patients who were candidates for cesarean section. Five patients were excluded by applying the exclusion criteria, and out of the other 10 patients, 5 underwent cesarean section with isoflurane and 5 with Propofol.

The comparison indicated that the volume of suctioned blood, the number of gasses used, the volume of serum received, packed-cell received and urinary output were significantly lower in the Propofol group (P≤0.05). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly close to basic figures in the Propofol group (P≤0.05), Heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, and O2 saturation were not significantly different between the two groups (P≥0.05).

The findings of this study recommended propofol anesthesia for the cesarian section in placenta adhesion. However, further studies with more cases are needed.

To reduce the pain caused by propofol injection, a wide range of medicinal and non-pharmacological methods have been investigated.

This double-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 60 patients who were candidates for elective surgery referred to Peymaniyeh Hospital in Jahrom city. Patients were divided into two groups A: lidocaine 2% at a dose of 1 mg/kg and group B: ephedrine at a dose of 70 micrograms/kg using a random number table. Lidocaine and ephedrine were injected within 5 seconds, and after 30 seconds, propofol 1% in the amount of 3 ml (equivalent to 30 mg) was injected into the corresponding vein at a rate of 0.5 ml per second. After the injection, the patient was clearly asked about pain or discomfort at the injection site, and the answer was yes or no, and if there was pain, its severity was recorded in the questionnaire based on verbal descriptions.

Comparing the pain caused by propofol injection in the lidocaine and ephedrine groups, using the chi-square test, showed that the frequency of pain in the ephedrine group (33.3%) was not significant compared to the lidocaine group (16.7%). (p=0.20).

In the present study, both ephedrine and lidocaine drugs significantly reduced the pain caused by propofol injection, but the scale of this difference between the two groups was not significant. Therefore, these two drugs can be widely used depending on the condition of the patient in reducing pain during propofol injection.

Considering that no study on the efficacy of dexmedetomidine during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been performed in Iran so far, we decided to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of dexmedetomidine and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing ERCP.

A double-blind clinical trial was performed (2020) among 80 patients undergoing ERCP grade ASA I, and II who had no asthma, cardiovascular diseases, and no history of allergies to propofol and dexmedetomidine. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (fentanyl and propofol) and (fentanyl and dexmedetomidine). Their heart rate per minute, mean arterial pressure, respiration rate per minute, and blood oxygen saturation at intervals of 5 and 15 minutes after the start and end of the procedure, the level of patient cooperation, and endoscopies satisfaction were compared.

Mean age of the propofol group was 63/13 ± 17/88 and the dexmedetomidine group was 16/99 ± 58/55 (P = 0.191). Mean heart rate and respiration rate per minute were not different significantly in any of the time intervals. Mean arterial pressure in the propofol group before, 5, and 15 minutes after the start and end of ERCP were higher than dexmedetomidine group (105/95 ± 15/91, 123/75 ± 25/54, 118/10 ± 13/06 and 14/61 ± 117/50, respectively). The percentage of oxygen saturation at 5 minutes and at the end of the procedure was higher in the propofol group (P = 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively)

Due to fewer side effects and more satisfaction of patients receiving propofol; this drug is preferred for these patients.

Resistant Status Epilepticus (RSE) is one of the most common neurological emergencies in children. So far, there is no definitive treatment for resistant Status epilepticus refractory to benzodiazepines or other anticonvulsants. Different protocols have been introduced as the second line of treatment after benzodiazepines, which include phenytoin, sodium valproate, levotiracetam, barbiturates, and propofol. In case of failure of the first-line (benzodiazepines) or second-line (other anticonvulsants) ketamine with a bolus dose of 1 mg/kg and then an infusion of 2 mg/kg/h up to a maximum of 7 mg/kg/h along with other drugs is recommended. Ketamine is a non-competitive N-Methyl- D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, which controls seizures with neuron-protective effects and anti-inflammatory and anti-epileptic properties in the second and third lines. We reviewed the literature to demonstrate the potential role of ketamin as an advanced second and thirdline agent in the treatment of RSE and we concluded that the best way to treat resistant status epilepticus is to start treatment on time, use multiple drugs instead of one drug, and choose drugs with neuron protective effects with the least side effects. Therefore, using ketamine with other drugs seems to be effective for seizure control.

Anxiety can affect the outcome of spinal anesthesia in cesarean section. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the amount by using a suitable drug with few complications. The aim of the present study was to compare and evaluate the intravenous Propofol and Midazolam on sedation and nausea and vomiting during spinal anesthesia in cesarean section.

The present clinical trial study was conducted at Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, in 2020. One-hundred and two candidates underwent cesarean section under spinal anesthesia randomly in two groups of 51 intravenously injecting propofol (0.2 mg/kg) or midazolam (0.02 mg/kg) after weaning. Demographic and obstetric data, hemodynamic status, sedation score (Ramsey), time of onset of sedation and duration of sedation, nausea, and vomiting were compared in the two groups in the first hour after drug injection. The collected data were analyzed using chi-square, t-test and Mann-Whitney statistical tests.

The onset of sedation (4.72 ±0.60 vs. 1.43 ±60 min) and the duration of sedation (55.00± 6.92 vs. 44.60 ±7.13 min) were less in the propofol group than in the midazolam group (For both outcomes (p =0.001). Mean Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of anxiety after drug administration up to 5 minutes with a significant difference in the propofol group less than both groups had similar conditions. Mean sedation score after drug administration up to 10 minutes in the group) Propofol was higher in the midazolam group from 50 to 60 minutes, with a prevalence of nausea and vomiting during surgery in the midazolam group of 5.9% and in the propofol group of 2% (p = 0.217). Hypotension in the midazolam group was 3.9%. In addition, the propofol group was 19.6% (p = 0.028). The frequency of tachycardia, bradycardia, headache, chills, and recollection showed no significant difference between the two groups. Injection of the drug up to 10 minutes was significantly higher than the propofol group (P = <0.05).

Propofol is effective due to its sedative effect, reduction of anxiety and nausea and vomiting in cesarean section patients under anesthesia. However, due to hypotension, it is better to take the necessary preventive precautions.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy is a suitable diagnostic and therapeutic method for gastrointestinal diseases and choosing a suitable sedation method for this procedure is important. Sedation with propofol-ketamine is one of the most commonly used methods. This study was designed to evaluate intravenous lidocaine in endoscopy under sedation.

The designed study is a double-blind clinical trial that was conducted on 138 patients candidates for outpatient endoscopy after approving the proposed plan and obtaining approval from the Medical Ethics Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Patients were divided into two groups. In the first group, 0.5 mg/kg of propofol and 0.5 mg/kg of ketamine were, and in the second group, the same drugs and 1.5 mg/kg of lidocaine were injected. The level of sedation, nausea, vomiting and hemodynamic changes in the patients were recorded and compared.

The two groups were matched for age, gender, and weight. There was no significant difference in the duration of the endoscopy. . There was no significant relationship between the heart rate and mean arterial pressure in the two groups(p>0.05). There was no significant difference in recovery time between the two groups. The amount of additional propofol was significantly lower in the group receiving lidocaine The level of sedation did not differ between the two groups, and nausea and vomiting were significantly lower in the group receiving lidocaine.

Adding intravenous lidocaine to a propofol-ketamine combination improves clinical outcomes and reduces side effects.

There is a need for a meta-analysis of a study comparing post-surgery pain following general anesthesia with sevoflurane and propofol, which is of high quality and can compare the results of high-quality trial studies that have been conducted in the last few years. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effects of sevoflurane and propofol in children's general anesthesia on pain after surgery in the form of a systematic review and meta-analysis.

A systematic search (keywords: propofol or diprivan or propofol (for propofol) and sevoflurane or sevo (for sevoflurane), child, pain and anesthesia) in databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Scopus, Web of Science, MagIran and SID without time limit. The final aim was to compare the outcome of pain after surgery. Statistical analyzes were performed with RevMan 5.3 and Cochrane Collaboration's software.

There is a significant increase in the incidence of pain after surgery for the sevoflurane group compared to the propofol group (OR=1.72 - 95%CI (1.2-11.64) - Z Test =2.45 - P=0.01)

In pediatric general anesthesia, the use of propofol can be associated with less pain after surgery.

Choosing an appropriate anesthetic agent for induction and maintenance of anesthesia is very important in hemodynamic stability and pain control. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of ketamine-remifentanil combination with ketamine-propofol combination on pain, agitation and hemodynamic changes during closed reduction of nasal fracture.

This single-blind clinical trial included 80 patients between 16 and 18 years of age with ASA1 physical status who had undergone closed reduction for nasal fracture. Patients in the group 1 received 0.75 mg/kg ketamine and 2µ/kg remifentanil and group 2 received 0.75 mg/kg ketamine and 1.5 mg/kg propofol to induce anesthesia. Hemodynamic changes (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure), pain intensity, agitation, as well as nausea and vomiting and changes in arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation during surgery were evaluated immediately after induction of anesthesia and after surgery every 15 minutes for 2 hours.

Based on the statistical analysis of the patients' data, the mean heart rate and pain intensity scores in the ketamine-remifentanil group were significantly lower than those in the ketamine-propofol group (P <0.05). Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure and RASS scores in the two groups did not show any statistically significant differences (P> 0.05). The incidence of nausea was higher in the ketamine-remifentanil group and the decrease in oxygen saturation was higher in the ketamine-propofol group (P <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in regard to incidence of vomiting (P> 0.05).

Based on the results of this study, it seems that use of ketamine-remifentanil combination in comparison to ketamine-propofol in closed reduction of nasal fracture is associated with greater hemodynamic stability, higher analgesic effect and fewer complications.

Cataract surgery is a common surgery, especially among the elderly, and the choice of anesthesia medications is critical in such patients. In this study, the effects of midazolam, propofol, and dexmedetomidine were investigated for sedation in patients undergoing cataract surgery under local anesthesia.

Ninety patients were included in this study and underwent cataract surgery using class II and III anesthesia (according to the ASA criteria). They were also randomly assigned to three groups. The first group received midazolam, the second group received propofol, and the third group received dexmedetomidine. During the surgery and recovery phase, blood pressure, arterial blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, and the occurrence of complications were recorded. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (version 23) at a significance level of 0.05.

Alterations in arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels were not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05); however, there were fewer changes in SpO2 levels at recovery in the propofol group (P<0.05). Moreover, alterations in blood pressure did not differ significantly across the three groups during the surgery (P>0.05), whereas during the recovery, they were lower in the group receiving dexmedetomidine (P>0.05). Finally, Heart rates were not significantly different among the three groups during surgery and recovery (P>0.05).

The results demonstrated that in patients with hypertension and tachycardia, dexmedetomidine may be a better choice for sedation.

The occurrence of nausea and vomiting is one of the most common complications after surgery. Considering the preventative effect of Pofol on such PONV, the present study evaluated the effect of two different Propofol doses on the prevention of nausea and vomiting in discectomy surgery.

The present controlled triple-blind clinical trial was performed on 48 patients that were candidates for discectomy surgery under spinal anesthesia and were randomly allocated into three groups. Two different propofol doses of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg were intravenously administered in the Pofol 0.1 and 0.2 groups, respectively, with the third placebo group being used as a control group.  Hemodynamic parameters, the severity of nausea and vomiting, and the incidence of complications were evaluated.

The results of the present study revealed that the severity of nausea and vomiting in the control group was still more than that of the two propofol groups (P-value <0.05); however, a significant difference was found between the two Pofol doses in terms of the severity of nausea and vomiting (P = 0.02).

According to the results of the present study, a low dose of Pofol 0.1 is effective in reducing nausea and vomiting after surgery, but it is less effective than a 0.2 dose of propofol.

Cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion leads to programmed cell death or planned apoptosis. Hippocampus is a very sensitive tissue to cerebral ischemia. Propofol is an anesthesia that recently the use of this drug as a neuroprotective has been considered. In this study, the effect of propofol on CA2 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus following ischemia was investigated.

24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, including: control ischemia, experimental and vehicle. The experimental group received 40 mg/ kg of propofol and the vehicle group received 1 ml normal saline 1 hour before ischemia intraperitoneally. The ischemic model was performed by bilateral closure of the common carotid arteries for 20 minutes then reperfusion was done. 4 days later, all rats were sacrificed and the hippocampal tissue was examined by Nissl staining method. Data were analyzed using SPSS-25 statistical software by one-way ANOVA and TUKEY test. p<0.05 was considered as Significant.

Ischemia/ reperfusion for 20 minutes caused degeneration of pyramidal cells in CA2 and CA3 hippocampus and these neurons showed a significant decrease compared to the control group, but propofol injection inhibited the decrease in the number of viable cells in these two areas.

Propofol can be used as an effective agent in preventing or reducing the complications of stroke alone or with other drugs.

Appropriate drug regimen during colonoscopy is one of the matters of concern in anesthesia. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of propofol-ketamine combination and propofol-fentanyl in colonoscopy.

In a single-blind randomized clinical trial, 200 patients aged 18-60 years candidate for colonoscopy, were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either fentanyl-propofol (PF) or ketamine-propofol (PK) using block randomization. Recovery time (end of injection until Steward Score was 6) as the primary outcome and vital signs, complications, total dose of propofol, and satisfaction of the doctor performing the colonoscopy as secondary consequence were compared between the two groups.

Recovery time was 2.97 ± 0.89 min in the fentanyl-propofol group and 8.84 ± 1.73 min in ketamine-propofol group (P<0.001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate significantly decreased in the fentanyl-propofol group compared with the other group (P <0.001) which was persistent until five minutes after colonoscopy. Restlessness was seen in 28 patients receiving propofol-ketamine but no patient in fentanyl-propofol group developed this condition (P <0.001). Satisfaction of the doctor performing the colonoscopy and propofol dose were significantly better in patients that received ketamine-propofol (P<0.05).

Fentanyl-propofol combination was associated with faster recovery time and less restlessness than the ketamine-propofol compound, but the latter combination is recommended as it led to better hemodynamic stability, greater satisfaction of the doctor, and reduced dose of propofol.

Propofol is commonly used in anesthesia practice because of its rapid recovery time, but pain upon injection is one of the unfavorable complications of this drug, which can cause both physical and mental discomfort for patients. Therefore, it is important to lower the pain on injection of Propofol in patients undergoing anesthesia. As a result, the current study was conducted in order to compare the effects of lidocaine, lidocaine, and the Valsalva maneuver, and the Valsalva maneuver on decreasing the pain of Propofol injection.

 This study is a clinical trial with 111 patients. The patients were allocated into 3 groups with one group receiving lidocaine, the second group receiving lidocaine and the Valsalva maneuver , and Valsalva maneuver. The pain resulting from injecting Propofol based upon the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score was evaluated (with 1 being no pain and 10 the most severe imaginable pain). Data were compared and analysed using proper statistical tests using SPSS version 23.

 The mean pain score in the combination group of lidocaine and Valsalva maneuver was lower than the other two groups and was equal to 0.5 ± 0.33. In addition, the mean pain scores in the lidocaine group and the Valsalva maneuver group were 4.6 ± 1.41 and7.81±1/91, respectively. The mean pain intensity in the age groups and the sexes did not show a significant difference with each other.

 The current study showed that the injection of Propofol in the three groups of the study was reduced in a similar fashion, however in the group which combined lidocaine, Valsalva, and the Valsalva maneuver, pain was lowest, but the overall score in the three groups was not statistically different.

Propofol is one of the most common anesthetic drugs. Painful injection with a reported prevalence of 28 to 90% in various studies is one of the problems of taking Propofol. The present study investigated the effect of performing the Valsalva maneuver and tourniquet twisting on pain intensity and hemodynamic changes.

This clinical trial was performed on 105 patients under general anesthesia with propofol that was randomly divided into three groups Valsalva, tourniquet, and control. Pain caused by propofol injection was evaluated using the withdrawal response score from 0 (painless) to 3. Hemodynamic parameters including blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, mean arterial), heart rate, and oxygen saturation level have been measured too.

Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between the distribution of pain intensity among the three groups, however the frequency of people with moderate pain intensity and painless in the tourniquet and Valsalva groups increased significantly compared to the control group. There was also a significant correlation between blood pressure systolic, diastolic, mean arterial (P=0.0001), and heart rate (P=0.013) in the three groups, and no significant difference was observed between oxygen saturation levels in the three groups (P=0.102). Mean blood pressure in the Valsalva group and heart rate in the tourniquet group is higher than in other groups.

Valsalva maneuvering and tourniquet twisting reduce the pain caused by propofol injection, with the difference that the mean blood pressure in the Valsalva group is greater than that in the tourniquet group

Methotrexate (MTX) is a cytotoxic drug that is prescribed for some diseases and tumors that its use is limited due to some side effects. Propofol, a drug with antioxidant properties, is one of the most desirable sedatives and anesthetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of propofol against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity.

24 rats were divided into 4 groups: control group (distilled water gavage), propofol group (10 mg / kg three times a week), methotrexate group (20 mg/kg on days 17 and 18) and propofol-methotrexate group. There were intraperitoneal injections and the duration of the study was 21 days. Animals were anesthetized and plasma was collected to estimate AST, ALT, LDH, and total bilirubin. Liver tissue was isolated for histopathological study.

There was observed that propofol significantly reduced the levels of AST and ALT (P<0.0001), but its effect on reducing ALP and LDH was not significant. Changes in total bilirubin were not significant in any group. In the histopathological study, in "MTX group" were seen cell necrosis, cell degeneration, leukocyte infiltration, congestion of central vein and sinusoid dilation. Injury was significantly reduced in the "pro-MTX group" compared to the "MTX group"(P<0.0001).

The results of the present study showed that propofol has protective effects against methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity, but for clinical application, there are needed further studies.

Propofol is one of the most commonly used drugs in anesthesia with the pain during an injection is a side effect of this drug. This study was conducted to compare the effect of Lidocaine, Magnesium Sulfate, and Ketamine on reducing pain caused by intravenous injection of Propofol in patients Undergoing surgery.

In this double-blind randomized clinical trial study, 80 patients aged 18 to 65 years were randomly blocked and assigned into four groups including Lidocaine, Ketamine, Magnesium Sulfate and Normal Saline. The pain was measured with the Ambesh Score. Hemodynamic changes of patients were evaluated in 1, 3, and 5 minutes.

The patients in Lidocaine, Ketamine, and Magnesium Sulfate groups with 75%, 70%, and 55%, respectively, did not feel pain after Propofol injection compared to Normal Saline group (25%) (P<0.05). The mean time trend of Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure between the studied groups were significant (P<0.05).

The use of Lidocaine or Ketamine during Propofol injection can be effective in reducing pain during injection in patients undergo surgery.

 Anesthetic agents and type of surgery may lead to liver damage after surgery. Inhaled agents are associated with liver dysfunction after surgery. Propofol is expected to have a lower potential for postoperative liver damage. The present study was conducted to compare liver enzyme function after anesthesia with isoflurane and total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA).

 This clinical trial was conducted on 70 patients referred to Imam Ali Hospital in Bojnord. Patients were selected using convenience sampling and then divided into TIVA and Isoflurane groups using block randomization method. During surgery, anesthesia was maintained in the isoflurane group with isoflurane gas (1.2 MAC) and in the TIVA group with infusion of propofol (100 micrograms/kg/minute) and remifentanil (0.1 micrograms/kg/minute). The levels of ALT, AST, ALP, PTT, and INR factors of the patients were examined and compared using laboratory devices before the operation, immediately, 24 and 48 hours after the operation.

 There is no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic and interventional variables. ALT enzyme level in TIVA group increased from 17.6±10.7 to 21.2±14.2 and in isoflurane group from 16.7±9.4 to 28.4±16.1 (p<0.05). In other enzymes, this difference was not significant.

 The results of the study showed that the use of both TIVA and Isoflurane methods has an effect on the level of liver enzymes in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy is an essential method for evaluating and treating gastrointestinal disorders. Sedation in endoscopy aims to safely and effectively control pain and anxiety, to provide an appropriate degree of amnesia or to reduce consciousness, and to improve endoscopy, especially in medical cases,always been a critical issue. Propofol is an effective sedative but does not cause adequate analgesia. To overcome the side effects of lidocaine and ketamine in different doses has been used to increase anxiety, sedation and recovery, but different results have been obtained from different studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the sedative effect of propofol-ketamine with propofol-ketamine with lidocaine spray in endoscopy.

A clinical trial study was performed on 144 patients who were candidates for outpatient endoscopy in the endoscopy ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital and the patients were randomly divided into two groups. After taking the patient's history, in the first group 0.5 kg / mg propofol with 0.5 kg / mg ketamine and in the second groupin the second group, 2 puffs of 10% lidocaine spray equal to 20 mg were sprayed on the oropharynx. Then 0.5 mg / kg propofol and 0.5 mg / kg ketamine were injected. Then sedation, apnea, nausea and clinical findings in patients were evaluated and compared.

In this study, the sex distribution of patients undergoing surgery was 46.75% female and 53.25% male. In this study, the mean age of patients was 49.40 years and the two groups were matched for age and gender. The mean duration of anesthesia was 15.84 minutes and the mean endoscopic duration of patients was 13.34 minutes. There was no significant difference between the distribution of anesthesia duration and endoscopic duration in the two groups. According to the study, sedation was higher among patients receiving propofol, ketamine, and lidocaine spray.There is no significant difference in systolic blood pressure levels between the two groups. Heart rate was significantly lower during the duration of anesthesia in the propofol, ketamine, and lidocaine groups. Blood oxygen levels were significantly higher in the propofol, ketamine and lidocaine group. There is no significant difference between apnea and nausea in patients in the two groups and the recovery time in patients receiving propofol and ketamine and lidocaine is longer than the propofol and ketamine groups.

Adding topical lidocaine spray to the propofol-ketamine drug combination for endoscopic procedures increases the degree of sedation in endoscopy.

Regional anesthesia is the method of choice in cesarean section. Intravenous sleeping pills used to induce anesthesia quickly cross the placenta and cause fetal respiration depression. This study was performed with aim to compare the low dose of propofol with midazolam on the maternal hemodynamics symptoms and neonatal Apgar in women undergoing spinal anesthesia in cesarean section.

In this double-blind randomized clinical trial study which was performed in Jahrom in 2013, 42 patients with anesthesia classes I and II underwent spinal anesthesia and were placed in two equal groups of injection of propofol 20 mg and midazolam 1.5 mg along with spinal anesthesia. Symptoms of maternal hemodynamics were measured at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after spinal anesthesia and neonatal apgar at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21) and Mann-Whitney test. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

There was no significant difference between midazolam and propofol groups in terms of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Blood O2 saturation, and hear rate at different times and neonatal Apgar (P> 0.05).

Considering the results of the study and no difference between the two groups in terms of neonatal Apgar and fluctuations of maternal hemodynamic variables, it can be concluded that under normal conditions, low doses of propofol and midazolam for cesarean section clinically have no significant difference on neonatal Apgar and hemodynamic variables; both drugs can be used depending on the condition and experience of the anesthesiologist.