سیدسعید مظلومی

Due to the high global incidence of skin cancer, its adverse effects on health, and imposition of exorbitant treatment costs on people, the ecological factors associated with non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) were examined in patients who referred to the Tumor Clinic of Razi Skin Hospital, Tehran in 2017.

This case-control study was conducted by administration of a researcher-made questionnaire to collect data from 300 case and 300 control participants selected by convenience sampling method. Inclusion criteria included diagnosis of the NMSC disease by a physician through biopsy and pathology tests. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests by SPSS software.

A statistically significant relationship was found between NMSC and type of job, socioeconomic status, alcohol and tobacco use, preventive behavioral habits, well water consumption, use of virtual networks, burns, family history, consumption of fatty foods, age / gender, and weight variables. Moreover, NMSC had no statistically significant relationship with the variables of height, body mass index, and urban or rural residence.

Screening programs should be applied for early detection of this disease in its early stages among older men, especially those who have been exposed to a lot of sunlight due to their occupation.

pre-hypertension is a common worldwide disease in 30-50% of the studied population. Diet compliance among pre-hypertensions is one of the most important changes in lifestyle. This study aims to determine compliance dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) among pre-hypertensions.

This cross-sectional study in 2017, using a cluster sampling method, 165 pre-hypertensive patients referred to health centers of Ferdows were surveyed. The data gathering tool was a three-day food inventory questionnaire. Information about the nutrition program was obtained using N4 software and data was analyzed using SPSS software version 19 and descriptive and analytic tests. The diet was measured by using a three-day dietary questionnaire. In order to analyze the data the consumed food substances were converted into gram scale and then the N4 software rendered the data on diet. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using chi-square and covariance.

The average Dash diet compliance was 24.21 ± 4.4. The mean and standard deviation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were Respectively 133 ± 9.8, 82 ± 11. Compliance with the diet was accompanied by an increase in the consumption of fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, whole grains, beans, Nuts and reduced sodium intake Sweet drinks, and red meat and processed. There was a significant difference between the components of the diet plan and the score of the diet plan.

Considering the importance of following a diet plan to prevent high blood pressure and its moderate follow-up among pre-hypertensive individuals, it is suggested that theoretically-focused interventions be designed to increase compliance with the diet.

Human ecology examines the interactions between humans and the environment. Investigation of the human happiness and health requires a systematic study of the human life and ecosystem, which includes the physical and social environment of the human species.  Ecosystem is the basis of changes that occur in the biological, psychological, and social systems, because they happen in the context of environment. The urban areas can also be considered as an ecosystem that can affect biological, psychological, and social aspects of the inhabitants. As a result, ecosystem is associated with the inhabitants' happiness and the health.

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted over 145 individuals with 15 years of age living in Pardisan district of Qom. To collect data randomly, two questionnaires were administered: a questionnaire to assess the residents' ecological satisfaction (environmental, economic, and social) from urban quality of life and a general health questionnaire. In order to investigate the differences between quantitative variables, two groups of ecological components of urban quality of life and general health as a whole and their subsets were considered. T-test and ANOVA  were aplied to analyze the collected data.   Pearson correlation test was used to determine the relationship between quantitative variables (satisfaction with ecological components of the urban quality of life and general health and related subsets).

The results of this study indicated a significant correlation between all environmental, social, and economic components, physical scales, anxiety, social function, and depression, except for the ecological component and social function. In other words, decreased satisfaction from the ecological urban quality of life increased the scores of general health, which indicated an increase in the disease symptoms in the general health questionnaire.

Considering the relationship between the ecological components of urban quality of life and health, the residents' views and their basic problems should be investigated in order to create the appropriate conditions for improving their quality of urban life.

Evaluation provides truly useful information about the effectiveness of the educational programs. Kirkpatrick model provides a four-level training evaluation framework (reaction, learning, behavior, and results). The present research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a workshop on “social determinants of health” held for the health staff of a medical center in Bandar Abbas Province, in the South of Iran.

In the present research, a training workshop was held on social determinants of health for 40 staff of a medical center. Later, this workshop was evaluated based on the Kirkpatrick training evaluation model and a researcher-constructed questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data in SPSS-19.

The participants' mean scores of satisfaction (reaction), learning, and behavior were 41.47±4.34, 14.9±1.93, and 10.72±3.8, respectively. The overall effectiveness (reaction, learning and behavior) was evaluated as optimal. The most effective items in reaction, learning, and behavior levels were awareness-raising, better performance of tasks at work, and use of the acquired content in monitoring work, respectively.

Staff training to provide them with job-related practical knowledge not only satisfies them, but also improves their professional learning and performance. Kirkpatrick training evaluation model needs to be applied to other staff training programs at four levels of reaction, learning, behavior, and results. Those who develop and implement training courses need to be acquainted with these constructs.

Organizational culture is an issue that has recently accede in management knowledge and in the realm of organizational behavior. The aim of this study is to survey the organizational culture of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences from the viewpoint of faculty members based on Hofstede's model. This study was cross-sectional and cross-sectional. All the basic science faculty members of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and health service were the target population. A sample of 112 people was collected by random sampling. The data collection tools were demographic variables and Hofstede organizational culture questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Spss v 16 software. 3/72% of participants were male, and 25.9% female, mean age of the sample was 26/43 years and the average work experience was 07/15 years. 24.1% of samples were couch, 50% professor assistant, 7.1% professor and 16.1% associate Professor. The following features were found in the university’s organizational culture: Cultural balance with the desire for masculinity, balancing risk appetite, balanced individualism, collectivism and relatively balanced distribution of power. There is a significant negative relation between experience and risk appetite, and the amount of masculinity /femininity are different in women and men. Field of study, management experience, the faculty member’s condition and type of faculty don’t have significant relation with organizational culture. Faculty members know the organizational culture as protecting and nurturing and believe that the university have tendency to avoid injustice in addition to care for personal and social responsibility.

Diabetes types 2 are non- communicable disease. During the past three decades, the number of people who have type 2 diabetes become more than doubled. In this disease more than 95 percent of process curing done by patients. Self – care behaviors are important way of controlling disease. Various studies have shown that many factors affect in self-care behaviors. This study aimed to determine the predictors of self- care in type 2 diabetic patients of Yazd and Brijand.
this study is analytical, descriptive and crosses – sectional. Data collected by using of questionnaire that was designed in 4 parts: Knowledge questionnaire, self- care questionnaire, self – efficacy questionnaire and social support questionnaire. Data analysis by description and regression test.
Mean score of Knowledge, self- efficacy, self – care and perceived social support don’t have significant different between two citys. Social support with a total direct and indirect have the most effect.
The aim of the training program in type 2 diabetic are promoting in self – care behaviors there for we can achieve this goal by increase perceived social support, self- efficacy and Knowledge.

Lifestyle is the pursuit of activities such as proper diet, sleep, exercise, weight control, non-smoking, and immunization to maintain and promote health and prevent diseases.. This study was conducted to determine nomadslifestyle status of Marvdasht city.
This cross-sectional study on 330 people from nomads of Marvdasht city was conducted by random sampling. Standardized life style questionnaire with 70 questions was used in the study. Collected data was analyzed in SPSS software using descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA test.
Among all respondents of the study,54/2% were men and 45/8% were women. 51/8% of respondents strongly agreed which keep their body healthy In terms of lifestyle, There was a significant relationship between weight and nutrition control with age (p=0/040).. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between sport and health with sex (p = 0.04) and age (p = 0.008).
Sport and health dimensions have the lowest average. Dimensions of Weight and nutrition control, psychological health and drug avoidance have the lower average than other dimensions respectively. Therefore, nomadic life improvement,, especially in terms of physical activity, requires more attention.

Our age is the age of planning , planning is especially important for people’s educational needs.the purpose of this study is to check out the training needs. Prioritizing needs and designing a lesson education plan based an priorities for the workers of central Iron ore company in bafgh
Analysis this research is a qualitatire study using the FGD technique (group discussion) and have been done by 12health professionals and attended by 46 Iron ore workers. The obtained data were analized using content analysis method.after collecting responses using the matrix table and the nominal group.the needs were prioritized .
Findings:The needs and problems felt by professionals and workers were different .In total conceptual codes ,93Codes were included in five main themes , from the health professionals,point of view ,the most needs workforce was occupational disease, while it was it was mental health from the workers, point of view ,the most needs workforce was occupational disease, while it was mental health from the workers, point of view .
Coclusion: physicians seem to less consider the psychological dimension because of the physical aspect of their health , and the existing Curriculum to health issues .Therefore,educational content should be designed and implemented in accordance with the health needs of the workers

Postpartum period is associated with significant changes in women's quality of life can be a mother and baby to be effective. Due to this, the study examines the impact of various factors on the areas of quality of life were performed.
This descriptive-analytic study on 120 nulliparous women who referred to health centers Vdrmangahhay city Nvshhrkh were randomly selected using a vacuum Sh WHO quality of life in areas of physical, psychological, social, environmental and General (overall) evaluate information using SPSS software with descriptive statistics and statistical tests of ANOVA, t-test and Mann-whitney analysis was performed.
findings: Results showed that among the five Scope studied public Scope (overall) with an average of 92/12 ± 34/76 the highest score and the environmental Scope with an average of 29/8 ± 03/64 lowest scores quality of life based on education, type of delivery, newborn gender, occupation, age . significant difference in terms of education, social and public safety exists (P Based on the results of this study should be noted that factors such as education, type of delivery, newborn gender, occupation and age have an impact on quality of life nulliparous women after giving birth and knowing this Health care workers and officials can take In order to improve the quality of life for their positive nulliparous women.

Drug abuse among adolescents potentially holds several negative consequences for the health and well-being of the youth. This theoretically based study explained predictability of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on drug abuse related behaviors among adolescents.
This descriptive study was conducted in Yazd City, Iran, in 2015 among 125 male adolescents in the age range of 11 - 29 years, recruited randomly. All data gathered by using self-report written questionnaires included attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention not to use drugs as theoretical constructs of TPB, and drug abuse related behaviors.
The results showed that 18 % of participants were smoker, 97 % of them did not have history of synthetic drug abuse by parents, and 6 % of participants reported synthetic drug abuse by friends. Results of Chi-square test showed that there was a significant relationship between smoking and father's education, family size, history of synthetic drugs in parents, history of synthetic drugs in friends, and participant's job (P 0.000). However, maternal education (P = 682) and living with parents (P = 729) did not have any significant relationship.
The low prevalence of Drug abuse in this study in comparison with the existing statistics can attribute to lack of participant's reports.

prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men, accordingly the aim of this study was to determine the extent of the impact of education on prostate cancer-related behaviors in male city of Yazd is based on the health belief model.
this study was an experimental study of an intervention-that the population it consists of men over 40 years of Yazd, which is one of the first degree relatives they have had prostate cancer. The sample size of each group is based on a formula 40 people recovered and then score related to the attitude and awareness and performance of individuals sampled before training and then 3 months later obtained from intervention on the basis of a questionnaire SPSS18 software and t-student test and chi-square was investigated.
The mean age of the participants in the experimental group 54.55±8.33 and the average age of the participants in the control group 55.02±8.69,.Knowledge of the test and control groups before and after the intervention were expressed on the basis of differences in knowledge scores in the first stage ( pre- intervention ) in both experimental and control groups was not significant .In the second phase ( post- intervention ) and control groups was significant difference between the mean score of knowledge(p=0.000).
The study suggests that by raising awareness among people over 40 years can be better and more effective prevention practices applied in society.

Constantly number of travelers are growing and they are exposed to superimpose disease risks it’s morbidity caused by endemic disease of their destination. International travel are the major cause of infectious disease outbreak. Asia-Oceaninca have growing number of tourist. Deficiency of information on Travelers knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding infectious disease is concerned. This survey was conducted in order to assess travelers knowledge, attitudes and practice regard AIDS, hepatitis B and Influenza.
this study is a descriptive cross-sectional which was conducted among travelers in Imam Khomeini airport. Simple random sampling was used. Data were collected through standard questionnaire. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS-16 and statistics test such as Anova, T test, cross tab, correlation, regression.
the mean age of participants was 34.66± 10.31. Education level of 47.3 percent of travelers was college and a bachelor's degree. highest rate of travelers knowledge were regarding AIDS 81.5% and Influenza 80%, in while knowledge regard hepatitis B was lower(48.5%). Highest rate of travelers practice was related to AIDS.
attention to this survey results of intermediate knowledge and practice, fine attitudes and concern to international travel cause transmitting of diseases and their epidemy , it’s recommended in order to educate travelers to abroad via curriculum, poster, pamphlet , radio, TV , an urgent measure should be taken.

Introduction and AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is as one of the greatest social - health problems in many communities in the Twenty-first century. This disease is spreading rapidly due to low awareness and failure to deal properly with it. The aim of this study was to determination of knowledge and attitude about HIV/ AIDS in health volunteers of Eghlid health centers in 2015.
This was cross - sectional study in which from health volunteers of Eghlid health centers 240 persons through census were selected. The data was collected by questionnaire and were analyzed by Independent t-test and one-way ANOVA.
The results showed that health volunteers have acquired 74.4% from the knowledge and 66.9% from the attitude scores. Also 19.1%, 18.3% and 30.6% of health volunteers respectively do not know sexual contact, blood transfusions and blood products and Occupational Contact such injuries with contaminated needles as a way of transmitting the HIV virus. Between score of knowledge and age (P=0.006) and Degree (P≤0.001) there was a significant relationship.
Considering the relatively low level of knowledge about transmission of HIV/ AIDS in health volunteers and the increasing level of knowledge with the increasing level of literacy, it was suggested that firstly health volunteers with higher literacy levels are selected for teaching and secondly, in the case of HIV virus transmission, training packages and teaching practices that are given to Volunteers will be reviewed.

The AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) epidemic is considerably widespread across the world, turning out to be an exigent problem. Some groups such as barbers have a more effective role in HIV/AIDS transmission. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of an educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) to enhance HIV-preventive behaviors among male barbers in Sirjan.
This was an educational trial study. Two hundred male barbers attending health centers in Sirjan city, were selected to participate in this study (100 in intervention group and 100 in control group). The intervention was conducted over two sessions in 60 minutes. Data were collected by conducting a validated and reliable questionnaire made by researcher (including 49 questions) before intervention and three months after intervention. Data was analyzed by chi-square, Fisher's exact, paired t-test and independent t-test.
After intervention, knowledge scores increased significantly in both intervention and control group, which was probably due to the routine education program in that center. Perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy changed significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group (p0.05).
HBM was effective in educating the male barbers. Therefore, it is proposed traditional training methods along with the HBM in training barbers.

American library association (ALA) defined information literacy as a set of skills، which require an individual to recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate، evaluate، and use it effectively. Information literacy affects research and educational activities. This study aims to evaluate the effect of weblog in increasing the information literacy of students.. This experimental study was carried out on 60 students enrolled in schools of Allied Health، Nursing & Midwifery and Public Health. They were randomly assigned into two arms of experiments and control. Jthe subjects in the experimental group received the educational program over two months via weblog. The level of information literacy in the two groups was assessed before and after training by questionnaire. Three steps were taken for examining validity and reliability of questionnaire including:; translation to Farsi، reviewing by a specialist and estimation of the Cronbach''s alpha (Cronbach''s alpha=. 0. 88). Finally data were analyzed using SPSS16. Out of total 60، %36. 7of participants were men. There was not any significant difference in mean score of information literacy before training in the two groups (P>0. 05)، but after education the same test indicated a significant difference between the two groups (P<0. 001). In addition it was showed a significant difference between themean score of information literacy in experimental group before and after training (P<0. 001). Using weblog for education، is a successful model for instruction of information literacy for students of medical sciences.

Recognition of the factors related to doing preventive behaviors against children tendency to addictive drug such as role of parents is necessary. This study was performed aiming to determine the role of fathers in prevention of children tendency toward addictive drugs based on theory of planned behavior. This was a descriptive cross sectional study. The research community was Yazd fathers in a sample of 180 that were selected by multistage random sampling method. Data collection tool was a questionnaire in three parts, seven demographic questions, attitude; four items, subjective norms; four items, perceived behavioral control; two items, behavioral intention; five items and nine questions of behavior completed in self-report. Data were analyzed by using SPSS-18 such as; independent T-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression at α = 0.05. The age range of participants was 30-59 years with the mean of 40.38±5.34. Items that achieved highest scores; necessity to do behavior in attitude section, confirmed wives in subjective norms section, difficulty of doing behavior in perceived behavioral control section, beginning behavior from tomorrow in behavioral intention section and creating heartily relationship with children in behavior section to prevent children from tendency toward addictive drugs. The highest score was achieved in subjective norms structure. Attitude of fathers who were employees, homeowners and with a bachelor's degree or higher level of education, perceived behavioral control of fathers with no history of addiction in family or friends, divorced father's behavioral intention, and father's behavior with a bachelor's degree or higher level of education and with no history of substance abuse in family or friends were more positive in prevention of their children tendency to addictive drugs. Subjective norms and behavioral intention predicted 23.5% of the variance of the behavior. Subjective norms and behavioral intention, on which emphasis can help educational programs be more effective, were the most important factors in preventive behavior.

Aging priod is Special features and many problems in all dimensions of human life and cause increased supportive needs. During recent years the rapid increase in the senior population, their disabilities, reduced independence, and increased dependence have drawn more attention toward issues related to social support in this group. Social support impacts different dimensions of health of the elderly population. Therefore, The aim of this study was to determine the social support and activities of daily living of elderly is Yazd. This study was a cross-sectional study was conducted on 265 elderly people in the city of Yazd. A cluster sampling was random. The data are composed of items demographic and “Activities of daily living" questionnaire "social support Phillips”. then using the software SPSS 16 analysis were with statistical tests of Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Spearman correlation and crosstabs. The results showed that the average total social support in the elderly (19/84±3/43) of the range acquisition score was (0-23). The results also indicate that between social support and age, type of housing, and activities of daily living, there was a statistically significant, negative direct solidarity between social support and age were observed, there was a statistically significant, positive direct solidarity between social support and activities of daily living were observed. Discussion & According to the results of this study, increased social support in performing activities of daily living and health promotion can be effective in elderly. Therefore enhance social support and protection needs of the elderly should expand their networks of support for elderly.

Diabetes is the most common disease worldwide. The complications of diabetes cause economic damages and decrease patient's and their familie's quality of life. Self-care is an important process in diabetes control. On the other hand, maintaining the blood glucose level at a favorable level is challenging for both the patients and the physician. This is due to systemic and individual barriers of diabetes self-care. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the barriers and incentives for self-care. The present study was conducted as a qualitative study with focus group discussion (FGD) (3 sessions for patients and 3 sessions for health care providers separately). Private interviews were conducted with 25 patients and 5 health care providers until data saturation. The interviews and FGDs were transcribed and analyzed using content analysis method. In analyzing the data, two main themes including barriers and incentives for self-care from the view of patients and health care providers were extracted. Based on the social marketing model, these themes were divided into four subthemes of product, place, price, and promotion. The study subjects specified the different causes of performing or not performing self-care in different areas such as exercise, nutrition, regular medical exams, and appropriate medicine use. The cost and availability of some services, physical barriers and their limitations, nonscientific health care delivery, unsuitable health care services for diabetic patients, and lack of health care packages and guidelines were reported as barriers. Moreover, successful experiences of patients and health care providers, and providing self-care facilities were reported as incentives. Market analysis in diabetes self-care showed that comprehensive and systematic programs for diabetic patient care, management protocol for physicians and specialists, and nutritional recommendation, traditional medicine, and exercise are more beneficial when coordinated with economic power, environmental factors, and beliefs of diabetic patients and literacy promotion.

Primary prevention is the efficient method to prevent of incidence and increased prevalence of addiction in the society. This study performed with aimed to determine the role of fathers’ behavioral intention and behavior about prevention of children tendency toward addictive drugs. This was a descriptive cross sectional study. The research community was Yazd fathers in a sample of 180 that were selected in multistage random sampling method. Data collection tool was a questionnaire in three parts, seven demographic questions, behavioral intention five items andnine questions in behavior that completed in self-report. Data were analyzed by use SPSS-18 by independent T-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression at α=0.05. Points higher were acquired in intention structure tendency to behave since next six months and in behavior, talk to children correctly and reasonably and friendly relationships. In intention 64.04 and behavior 68.11 percent of the maximum score that available to acquisition was acquired. Behaviors fathers with bachelor education (p<0.001) and without a history of addiction in friends and family (p=0.004), and intention divorced fathers (p=0.014) were higher. Significant correlation existed between two structures and behavioral intention predicted 17.9 percent the variance of behavior (p<0.001, r=0.423**). According to the prediction behavioral intention about performing preventive behaviors, recommended to develop and implement education programs, items how talk correctly and reasonably and friendly relationships with children to be more attention and education.

The family as the basis of children’s personality has an important role in creation or prevention of tendency towards anomaly and social damages. This study performed with aimed to determine the role of fathers’ subjective norms, normative beliefs and motivation to comply in prevention of tendency children toward addictive drugs. This was a descriptive cross sectional study. The research community was Yazd fathers in a sample of 180 that were selected in multistage random sampling method. Data collection tool was a questionnaires in three parts, seven demographic questions, subjective norms four items (α=0.78), Normative Beliefs four items (α=0.81) and Motivation to Comply four items (α=88) that completed in self report. Data were analyzed by use SPSS-18 by independent T-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression at α=0.05. The age of participants was 30-59 years with mean 40.38±5.34. 98.3% married, 22.8% had a history of addiction in the family and friends13.9% had a BS or higher educational level and 34.7% were self-employed. Points higher were acquired in subjective norms and normative beliefs structures, wife Confirmation and in Motivation, comply of best friends. In subjective norms 78.28, normative beliefs68.67 and motivation to comply 70.57 Percent of The maximum score that Available to Acquisition Was acquired. Significant correlation existed between all of three structures. Fathers with level of education bachelor and were employee had more motivation to comply. Normative beliefs had stronger predictor than motivation to comply and predicted 42 percent the variance of subjective norms. It seems necessary to Emphasis on the role of wife and Friends in Preparation and implementation of educational programs about persuade fathers to perform preventive behaviors of children tendency to addictive drugs.

Distinguished work force is a major factor for growth and development of all countries and training programs should be designed based on their needs. Interviews with students provide an insight into the challenges of learning environment. This study investigated the educational problems from the viewpoint of talented students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. In this qualitative study, 55 talented university students expressed their educational problems during three focus group sessions. At the end of each session, the data were classified and organized and findings were sorted, categorized and tabulated, based on the frequency of statements in group discussions. Most problems were related to the areas of educational objectives, planning, and management. The main reported problems were inclusion of a number of unnecessary content materials in the syllabi, low emphasis on research, unrealistic teacher evaluations, and inharmonious educational departments. Except for a few problems such as changing some parts of curricula that must be resolved at country level, there are many less important problems that influence the effectiveness of the educational outcomes. These problems do not need much effort to eradicate, as more cooperation of teachers, students, and managers can remove them.

Incidence of asthma is 5.5% in Iran. Patients with asthma need frequent self-management in order to control the symptoms maintaining natural lung activity. The aim of this study is to study the effective factors of self-management behaviors, and its relation with controlling asthma in asthmatic patients in Kashan.

Simple sampling was employed to recruit 102 asthmatic patients referring to asthmatic therapeutic centers of Kashan, Iran. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was conducted and the data were collected using a survey questionnaire based on knowledge and attitude factors and self-management behavior constructions and asthma control test. SPSS software for Windows was used for analyzing data (t -test, ANOVA, correlation and regression).

The respondents acquired 46.8% of total asthma knowledge score, 82.2% of attitude score. Respondents with acquisition 57.7% of total asthma self-management behavior score placed in middle class. The acquired score in asthma control is low class (40.28%). Negative relation between knowledge and asthma control was observed.

The results showed that if the situation of knowledge and attitude factors are better, the self-management behaviors in asthmatic patients will be better and if the situation self-management behavior be better, asthma control will be better, too. Negative relation between knowledge and asthma control needs more researches.

University is a position of formal training and learning and students in order to successful in this position should have effective learning. Motivation is key to effective learning. Additional to academic motivation can have the role of prevention in high-risk health behaviors. We examined students motivation in Yazd and communication with academic motivation in high-risk health behavior study. This was a cross-sectional study and the sample size was 720. Analysis of the data, collection tool and standard questionnaire construction was achieved. In this study, 32.4 percent of students enjoyed modest motivation condition. 23.3 percent were smokers and 5.6 percent seemed to have used illicit drugs, 40.6 percent of the students exercised regularly. The findings of this research proved that there is a significant correlation between smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical involvement, high risk sexual behavior, watching movies, non-moral condition of the safety belt and academic motivation (P<0.05) There was a significant correlation between the amount of study hours and academic motivation (P<0.05). In order to promote academic motivation in students, both students and teachers should become more acquainted with workshop models and also, students leisure time activities should be analyzed and they should be attracted towards scientific and community organizations.